chapter 9

Question 1

epithelial barriers

Answer 1

skin and mucous membrane

- first line of defense

Question 2

skin epithelium barrier

Answer 2

produces antibicrobial peptides that kill a variety of bacteria and fungi

Question 3

interstinal epithelium defense

Answer 3

bacterial peptide called cryptocidins: prevents bacteria rom colonizing intestinal wall.

Question 4

mononuclear phagocyte system

Answer 4

dendritic cells
monocytes
macrophages
-specialize in capturing and presenting antigens to helper T cells

Question 5

Major Histocomaptability complex

Answer 5

MCH I: identifies host of cell “chelsey”
- presents to cytotoxic T cells.
MCH II: presents antigens of phagocyzed cells to helper T cells.

Question 6

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 6

bone marrow: B cells mature

thymus: T cells mature

Question 7

secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 7

lymph nodes/vessels
spleen
tonsils
peyer patches in intestine

Question 8

Mature lymphocytes remain

Answer 8

in circulation in lymphatic tissues and blood stream

Question 9

B lymphocytes

Answer 9

able to produce antibodies
have antibody like receptors: BCR’s
mature into: plasma cells and memory cells

Question 10

memory B cells

Answer 10

forma reserve of cells that can quickly mount immune response on secondary exposure.

Question 11

antigen epitope

Answer 11

specific sequence B cells recognize for an antigen.

Question 12

Base of antibody

Answer 12

constant base region, identifies type of antibody

• IgG
• IgM
• IgA

Question 13

arms of antibody

Answer 13

variable arms

- reading sequence for antigens

Question 14

IgA antibodies

Answer 14

in the respiratory and GI tracts

Question 15

IgM

Answer 15

shaped like a cluster of 5 antibodies

• increased change to recognize antigen
• first antibodies in immune response

Question 16

Resting T cell

Answer 16

before activation

- activation occurs by reading specific sequence from antigen presenting cell (MHC I)

Question 17

lymphokines

Answer 17

type of cytokine that communicates with lumphocytes

Question 18

monokines

Answer 18

type of cytokine that communicates with monocytes

Question 19

Natural Kill cell

Answer 19

falls under agranulocyte group, but has granulocytes.
can kill cancer and virally infected cells without previous exposure.
- lack of self- identifier (MHC I) triggers target for NK Cells

Question 20

macrophages live

Answer 20

in specific tissues: named for those tissues

Question 21

microglial cells

Answer 21

macrophage in the brain

Question 22

alveolar macrophages

Answer 22

lung

Question 23

kupffer cells

Answer 23

macrophage in the liver

Question 24

mesangial phagocytes

Answer 24

macrophage in the kidney

Question 25

lymph node

Answer 25

resident and recirculating macrophages

Question 26

monocytes

Answer 26

phagocytic cells/macrophages in blood

Question 27

synovial A cells

Answer 27

macrophages in the joint

Question 28

classical complements activation

Answer 28

IgG or IgM antibody-antigen complexes

Question 29

alternative complement activation

Answer 29

activated on 1st exposure, innate immune response | - triggers: lipopolysaccharides (bacteria) and bacterial endotoxin

Question 30

lectin complement activation

Answer 30

biomolecule that binds mannose on bacteria cell wall, triggering complement cascade

Question 31

Complement cascade causes

Answer 31

increased inflammation chemotaxis lysis of target cell

Question 32

clonal diversity

Answer 32

B and T cells can reproduce replicas with different reading sequence identifiers - antigen reading sequence

Question 33

immunocompent

Answer 33

elicit immune response

Question 34

clonal selection

Answer 34

increases of decreases with T and B cells proliferate in accordance with needed immune response

Question 35

T regulatory cell

Answer 35

regulates (stops) proliferation once immune response is achieved: antigen cleared.

Question 36

APC

Answer 36

antigen presenting cell - macrophages - dendrites

Question 37

CD8+

Answer 37

cytotoxic T cell: works with MCH I

Question 38

CD4+

Answer 38

helper T cell: works with MCH II

Question 39

B cell activation

Answer 39

needs helper T cell to activate proliferation into memory and plasma cells

Question 40

cell mediated immunity

Answer 40

T cells T cell receptor recognized foreign antigen - only able to respond to one antigenic epitope

Question 41

central tolerance

Answer 41

in thymus where T- cells mature, must go through selection - negative: T cell recognizes "self" as foreign, destroyed in thymus. - positive: ensure T cell does not recognize "self" as foreign, as well as does not elicit too harsh immune response.

Question 42

T helper cell

Answer 42

``` recognize MHC II activation of kinases in cytoplasm: - activate immune system - neutrophil recruitment - pro-inflammatory signals ```

Question 43

cytotoxic T cells

Answer 43

recognize MHCI | proliferate into memory cells and effector cells

Question 44

humoral immunity

Answer 44

B cells - binding of antigen to BCR initiates cascade - - proliferation and differentiation. --- memory b cells and plasma cells for effective activation B cell must engulf antigen ad present to helper T cell.

Question 45

Antibody precipitation function

Answer 45

each arm of immunoglobulin Y binds an antigenic epitope - bind into large insoluble complex - leave in body fluids

Question 46

agglutination antibody function

Answer 46

binds to create large complex | - phagocytic cells find large complex

Question 47

neutralization antibody function

Answer 47

neutralizes bacterial toxin - binds to toxin before it can interact with cells - covers active portion of toxin: inactivates

Question 48

opsonization antibody function

Answer 48

coats foreign antigen making it more recognizable to phagocytic cells.

Question 49

innate humoral

Answer 49

myeloid cells

Question 50

innate cell mediated

Answer 50

NK cells

Question 51

adaptive humoral

Answer 51

B cells: plasma cells antibodies Helper T cells antigen presenting cells

Question 52

adaptive cell mediated

Answer 52

cytotoxic T Cells

Question 53

Passive immunity

Answer 53

antibodies donated form immune individual to an unprotected or non-immune individual - placenta - breast milk - serotherapy

Question 54

active immunity

Answer 54

active infection | vaccination