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Pathophysiology > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial barriers

A

skin and mucous membrane

- first line of defense

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2
Q

skin epithelium barrier

A

produces antibicrobial peptides that kill a variety of bacteria and fungi

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3
Q

interstinal epithelium defense

A

bacterial peptide called cryptocidins: prevents bacteria rom colonizing intestinal wall.

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4
Q

mononuclear phagocyte system

A

dendritic cells
monocytes
macrophages
-specialize in capturing and presenting antigens to helper T cells

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5
Q

Major Histocomaptability complex

A

MCH I: identifies host of cell “chelsey”
- presents to cytotoxic T cells.
MCH II: presents antigens of phagocyzed cells to helper T cells.

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6
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow: B cells mature

thymus: T cells mature

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7
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes/vessels
spleen
tonsils
peyer patches in intestine

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8
Q

Mature lymphocytes remain

A

in circulation in lymphatic tissues and blood stream

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9
Q

B lymphocytes

A

able to produce antibodies
have antibody like receptors: BCR’s
mature into: plasma cells and memory cells

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10
Q

memory B cells

A

forma reserve of cells that can quickly mount immune response on secondary exposure.

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11
Q

antigen epitope

A

specific sequence B cells recognize for an antigen.

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12
Q

Base of antibody

A

constant base region, identifies type of antibody

  • IgG
  • IgM
  • IgA
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13
Q

arms of antibody

A

variable arms

- reading sequence for antigens

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14
Q

IgA antibodies

A

in the respiratory and GI tracts

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15
Q

IgM

A

shaped like a cluster of 5 antibodies

  • increased change to recognize antigen
  • first antibodies in immune response
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16
Q

Resting T cell

A

before activation

- activation occurs by reading specific sequence from antigen presenting cell (MHC I)

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17
Q

lymphokines

A

type of cytokine that communicates with lumphocytes

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18
Q

monokines

A

type of cytokine that communicates with monocytes

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19
Q

Natural Kill cell

A

falls under agranulocyte group, but has granulocytes.
can kill cancer and virally infected cells without previous exposure.
- lack of self- identifier (MHC I) triggers target for NK Cells

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20
Q

macrophages live

A

in specific tissues: named for those tissues

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21
Q

microglial cells

A

macrophage in the brain

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22
Q

alveolar macrophages

A

lung

23
Q

kupffer cells

A

macrophage in the liver

24
Q

mesangial phagocytes

A

macrophage in the kidney

25
Q

lymph node

A

resident and recirculating macrophages

26
Q

monocytes

A

phagocytic cells/macrophages in blood

27
Q

synovial A cells

A

macrophages in the joint

28
Q

classical complements activation

A

IgG or IgM antibody-antigen complexes

29
Q

alternative complement activation

A

activated on 1st exposure, innate immune response

- triggers: lipopolysaccharides (bacteria) and bacterial endotoxin

30
Q

lectin complement activation

A

biomolecule that binds mannose on bacteria cell wall, triggering complement cascade

31
Q

Complement cascade causes

A

increased inflammation
chemotaxis
lysis of target cell

32
Q

clonal diversity

A

B and T cells can reproduce replicas with different reading sequence identifiers
- antigen reading sequence

33
Q

immunocompent

A

elicit immune response

34
Q

clonal selection

A

increases of decreases with T and B cells proliferate in accordance with needed immune response

35
Q

T regulatory cell

A

regulates (stops) proliferation once immune response is achieved: antigen cleared.

36
Q

APC

A

antigen presenting cell

  • macrophages
  • dendrites
37
Q

CD8+

A

cytotoxic T cell: works with MCH I

38
Q

CD4+

A

helper T cell: works with MCH II

39
Q

B cell activation

A

needs helper T cell to activate proliferation into memory and plasma cells

40
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

T cells
T cell receptor recognized foreign antigen
- only able to respond to one antigenic epitope

41
Q

central tolerance

A

in thymus where T- cells mature, must go through selection

  • negative: T cell recognizes “self” as foreign, destroyed in thymus.
  • positive: ensure T cell does not recognize “self” as foreign, as well as does not elicit too harsh immune response.
42
Q

T helper cell

A 
recognize MHC II
activation of kinases in cytoplasm:
- activate immune system
- neutrophil recruitment
- pro-inflammatory signals
43
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

recognize MHCI

proliferate into memory cells and effector cells

44
Q

humoral immunity

A

B cells
- binding of antigen to BCR initiates cascade
- - proliferation and differentiation.
— memory b cells and plasma cells
for effective activation B cell must engulf antigen ad present to helper T cell.

45
Q

Antibody precipitation function

A

each arm of immunoglobulin Y binds an antigenic epitope

  • bind into large insoluble complex
  • leave in body fluids
46
Q

agglutination antibody function

A

binds to create large complex

- phagocytic cells find large complex

47
Q

neutralization antibody function

A

neutralizes bacterial toxin

  • binds to toxin before it can interact with cells
  • covers active portion of toxin: inactivates
48
Q

opsonization antibody function

A

coats foreign antigen making it more recognizable to phagocytic cells.

49
Q

innate humoral

A

myeloid cells

50
Q

innate cell mediated

A

NK cells

51
Q

adaptive humoral

A

B cells: plasma cells
antibodies
Helper T cells
antigen presenting cells

52
Q

adaptive cell mediated

A

cytotoxic T Cells

53
Q

Passive immunity

A

antibodies donated form immune individual to an unprotected or non-immune individual

  • placenta
  • breast milk
  • serotherapy
54
Q

active immunity

A

active infection

vaccination

Pathophysiology (80 decks)

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