module 12 lecture

Question 1

Brown casts

Answer 1

related to ATN

Question 2

ways kidneys regulate BP

Answer 2

Renin
RAAS
kidney vasoconstriction
- dec. blood flow d/t loss of circulating volume -> vasoconstriction -> blood shunting to vital organs.

Question 3

Cortex

Answer 3

glomeruli and 85% of nephron

majority of CO goes to cortex

Question 4

Renal pelvis

Answer 4

urinary collecting

major and minor calyces

Question 5

function of kidney

Answer 5

remove waste
maintain electrolyte/H2O
maintain pH
secrete EPO
activate Vitamin D

Question 6

function of nephron

Answer 6

form protein free plasma filtrate

ultrafiltration

Question 7

Thin ascending

Answer 7

hypertonic filtrate

Na and Cl move via passive transport out of the tubule

Question 8

Thick ascending

Answer 8

active transport of Na, K+, Cl
impermeable to H2O
creates high interstitial gradient

Question 9

Macula densa

Answer 9

lines DCT

Question 10

ADH

Answer 10

aquaporins

Question 11

Aldosterone

Answer 11

Na+ channels

Question 12

Proximal tubule reabsorbs

Answer 12

NaCl
glucose
K+
amino acids
HCO3
protein 
urea
H2O

Question 13

Proximal tubule secretes

Answer 13

H+
foreign substances
organic anions
organic cations

Question 14

Descending Loop of Henle resorption

Answer 14

water reabsorption

Question 15

Ascending loop of Henle reabsorption

Answer 15

Na+ reabsorbed

H2O stays in tubule

Question 16

Distal tubule reabsorption

Answer 16

NaCl
H2O (with ADH)
HCO3

Question 17

Distal tubule secretion

Answer 17

K+
urea
H+
NH3
some drugs

Question 18

Collecting duct reabsorption/secretion

Answer 18

reabsorption of H2O (with ADH)
Reabsorption or secretion of 
- Na+
- K+
- H+
- NH3+
Secretion : urea

Question 19

glomerular capillaries differ from others

Answer 19

branch from and drain into arterioles.

Question 20

Relatively high BP in glomerulus maintained by

Answer 20

afferent arteriole > efferent arteriole