Module 13 secretion and absorption

Question 1

secretions

Answer 1

H2O
HCl
enzymes
organic waste

Question 2

absorption

Answer 2

H2O
electrolytes
simple sugars
amino acids
fatty acids
vitamins
minerale

Question 3

Mouth, pharynx, salivary glands and secretion

Answer 3

exocrine secretion
salt and water: moisten food
mucus: lubrication
amylase: polysaccharide digesting enzyme

Question 4

esophagus and secretion

Answer 4

mucus: lubrication

Question 5

stomach and secretions

Answer 5

HCl
pepsins
mucus

Question 6

HCl

Answer 6

solubilization of food particles
kill microbes
activation of pepsinogens to pepsins

Question 7

pepsins

Answer 7

protein digesting enzymes

Question 8

Pancreas and secretion

Answer 8

• enzymes: digest carbs, fats, proteins, nucleic acids

- Bicarbonate: neutralize HCl entering SI

Question 9

liver and secretion

Answer 9

bile salts: solubilize water-insoluble fats
bicarbonate: neutralize HCl
organic waste products: elimination in feces

Question 10

small intestine and secretion

Answer 10

enzymes: food digestion
Salt and water: maintain fluidity of luminal contents
Mucus

Question 11

Large intestine and secretion

Answer 11

mucus

Question 12

Carbohydrate digestion

Answer 12

Salivary amylase in oral cavity
- polysaccharides and disaccharides -> smaller polysaccharides
Pancreatic amylases: lumen of small intestine
- polysaccharides -> maltose and disaccharides
Epithelium of SI:
-> disaccharides to monosaccharides

Question 13

protein digestion

Answer 13

pepsin: in stomach
- proteins -> small polypeptieds
Pancreatic trypsin and chemotrypsin: lumen of SI
- smaller polypeptides
Pancreatic carboxypeptidase: lumen SI
- polypeptides -> amino acids
Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase: epithelium of SI
- small peptides -> amino acids

Question 14

nucleic acid digestion

Answer 14

Pancreatic nucleases: lumen of SI 
- DNA, RNA -> nucleotides 
Nucleotidases: epithelium of SI
- nucleotides -> necleosides
Nucleosidases and phosphatases: epithelium of SI
- Bases, sugars, phosphates.

Question 15

Fat digestion

Answer 15

bile salts: lumen of SI
- fat globules -> fat droplets
Pancreatic lipase: lumen of SI
- fat droplets -> glycerol, fatty acids, glycerides.

Question 16

absorption in stomach

Answer 16

water
simple sugars
alcohol

Question 17

duodenum absorption

Answer 17

Ca
Phosphorus
Mg
Vitamins: A, D, E, K

Question 18

distal ileum absorption

Answer 18

bile salts and acids

Question 19

Large intestine absorption

Answer 19

H2O
some: 
Na
K
Cl
Vit. K
Biotin

Question 20

Small intestine absorption

Answer 20

final steps of digestion 
glucose
fructose 
fatty acids
glycerol
amino acids
Vitamins
ions

Question 21

Villus

Answer 21

fingerlike projections/folds of SI
inc. surface area -> inc. absorption
each contains capillary network, minuscule artery and vein