Cell structure and function Flashcards
Large quantities of ATP are stored in all cells. T/F
False: ATP must be continuously synthesized to meet energy needs.
glycolysis occurs where
in the cytosol and is an anaerobic process
lipid bilayer is highly permeable to?
lipid soluble and non-charged molecules.
channel proteins allow
passive transport of ions
intercellular communication is accomplished by 3 principal means:
Gap junctions
Direct cell-to-cell
Chemical mediators.
List functions of the plasma membrane (8)
endocytosis– highly selective shield
exocytosis– recognition
active transport– communication
membrane potentials– growth regulation
3 types of membrane lipids are
cholesterol
phospholipids
glycolipids
define amphipathic
lipids have a hydrophillic charged end and a hydrophobic non-polar end.
Proteins filaments that comprise the cellular skeleton
actin filaments
microtubules
intermediate filaments
Largest cytoplasmic organelle
controls production of cellular enzymes. membrane receptors and structural proteins.
Nucleus
converts energy to forms needed to drive cellular reactions. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs here, generating most of the cell’s ATP
Mitochondria
membrane bound bags of degradative enzymes.
Peroxisomes
many found in liver and kidneys.
coated with ribosome and their primary role is the synthesis of proteins for membrane components, and synthesis of products to be excreted from the cell.
Rough ER
gathers simple molecules and combines them to make complex molecules which are then packaged and transported out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
involved in lipid metabolism and are found in large quantities in cells specializing in the production of steroid hormones or lipoproteins
Smooth ER
organelles containing acid hydrolases capable of digesting organic molecules.
lysosomes
small, lipid insoluble molecules are transported across plasma membrane by
transporter proteins
calcium against its concentration gradient is transported across plasma membrane by
membrane calcium transporter
large, lipid insoluble molecules are transported across plasma membrane by
endocytosis
ions moving down concentration gradient are transported across plasma membrane by
membrane channel proteins
glucose is transported across the plasma membrane by
passive transport carrier
tissue with synchronized function use this type of cell signaling
gap junctions
ligand signaling
target cells respond to ligands signaling through specific protein receptors.
synaptic signaling
nerve cell releases neurotransmitter into gap junction where it binds to target cell to cause an effect.