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Pathophysiology > female reproductive system > Flashcards

female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

ovary

A 
covered in single layer of epithelium
beneath: dense fibrous CT: tunia albuginea
-outer portion of cortex 
remainder of cortex: CT: stroma
inner most part: medulla
-loose CT
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2
Q

Stroma of ovary

A

inner cortex

contains ova of various stages of maturation

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3
Q

oogonium surrounded by

A

granulosa

oogomium+ granulosa cells = follicle

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4
Q

oogonia during prenatal development

A

increase in size and become primary oocytes

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5
Q

prior to puberty oocytes

A

are in nonactive phase

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6
Q

after puberty oocytes

A

a few develop into follicles each month in response to FSH

  • vast majority die by atresia
  • only one per month will develop and eject through cell wall.
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7
Q

mature follicle

A

graafian follicle

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8
Q

free end of oviduct/fallopian tube

A

adjacent to ovary

infundibulum

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9
Q

infundibulum

A

shaped like funnel with long projections= fimbriae

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10
Q

ampulla

A

longest part of oviduct

- lined with ciliated mucous membrane

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11
Q

isthmus

A

short narrow point of oviduct near uterus

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12
Q

fertilization occurs

A

in oviduct

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13
Q

fundus

A

rounded part of uterus by fallopian tubes

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14
Q

corpus

A

main portion of uterus

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15
Q

cervix

A

lower narrow portion of uterus, extends to vagina

  • internal os: uterine end
  • external os: vaginal end
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16
Q

3 layers of uterus

A

serosa: outer most layer
myometrium: middle layer
endometrium: inner most lining

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17
Q

serosa

A

single layer mesothelial cells supported by thin layer loose CT

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18
Q

myometrium

A

3 layers of smooth muscle with muscle fibers arranged in different directions

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19
Q

endometrium

A

2 layers
a thin deep layer: basilar layer
thick superficial layer: functional layer
- has constant cyclic activity of alternant proliferation and sloughing of functional layer in response to estrogen and progesterone

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20
Q

vagina

A

exit for discarded endometrium
lower end of birth canal
highly elastic muscle capable of considerable distention
rugae: 2 longitudinal ridges along anterior and posterior walls with transverse folds
walls thin with age

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21
Q

mons pubis

A

rounded elevation in front of pubis symphysis

22
Q

labia majora

A

folds from mons pubis down to area behind vagina

23
Q

labia minora

A

2 small skin folds between majora, either side of vagina

24
Q

clitoris

A

erectile tissue

covered by fold of tissue: prepuce

25
Q

menstrual cycle

A

2 significant results

  • stimulation of the production of an ovum
  • preparation of the uterine endometrium for implantation
26
Q

cycle

A

average 28 days

- 20-45 nml

27
Q

ovulation

A

approximately 14 days before next cycle

28
Q

FSH

A

stimulates follicles to develop

increases during the follicular/proliferative phase

29
Q

FSH and LH

A

increase during ovulation to cause release of ovum

30
Q

progesterone

A

increase during luteal phase

secreted by corpus leteum

31
Q

estrogen

A

increased right before ovulation
- makes anterior pituitary more responsive to LHRH
increased during luteal phase
- secreted by the developing follicles, stimulates uterine endometrium growth

32
Q

corpus luteum

A

site of ruptured follicle

  • secretes estrogen and progesterone
  • stimulates continued thickening of endometrium
  • if pregnancy does not occur corpus luteum degenerates and progesterone and estrogen decrease
33
Q

dec. of estrogen and progesterone during luteal phase causes

A

constriction of spiral arteries in uterine wall

  • portion of endometrium becomes ischemic
  • cells dies, tissue sloughed off and menstration begins.
  • -prostaglandins play roll in sloughing
34
Q

fertilization

A

approx. day 7

- placental development begins

35
Q

placenta secretes

A

HCG

-signals corpus luteum to continue to function.

36
Q

breast

A

accessory organ in sexual function and human reproduction

primary function: milk lactation

37
Q

cooper ligaments

A

fibrous bands in breast that help maintain position

- easily stretched.

38
Q

glandular epithelial of breast

A

15-20 lobes per breast

ductal system embedded in interstitial fat/tissue

39
Q

alveoli

A

grape like clusters of secretory cells constituting the glandular epithelium
- ducts from each one unite to form single duct form each lobe

40
Q

ampullae

A

main ducts of alveoli/lobes enlarge slightly before opening onto the surface of nipple

41
Q

nipple

A

composed of bundles of smooth muscle fibers with erectile functions

42
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

arranged radially under areola

- 15-20 small openings located on surface of each nipple through which milk flows

43
Q

5 tanner stages

A

childhood: breast contains only rudimentary glands
puberty: estrogen and progesterone, with GH and prolactin, promote development
reproductive years: inc. progesterone can cause breast swelling during menstration

44
Q

lactation

A

inc. estrogen and progesterone produced by corpus luteum and placenta stimulate development of glands and ducts in breasts

45
Q

1st trimester lactation

A

ducts proliferate

46
Q

2nd trimester lactation

A

ducts group together to form large lobules with new alveoli formation

47
Q

3 trimester lactation

A

existing alveoli dilate in preparation for lactation

48
Q

colostrum

A

formed by mammary glands toward the end of pregnancy and until 1-3 days after birth
- high in protein and lactose but little fat

49
Q

after birth lactation

A

anterior pituitary secretes prolactin and stimulates milk production
- milk produced by 3rd day after delivery

50
Q

suckling

A

stimulates release of prolactin from anterior pituitary and oxytocin from posterior pituitary.

  • hormones stimulate laction and ejection of milk from alveoli into ducts
  • oxytocin promotes actual release of milk
    • milk ejection reflex
51
Q

hormones in latter part of pregnancy

A

increased estrogen
- increased uterine contractility
progesterone stays constant or dec. slightly
- inhibits uterine contractility
once estrogen levels rise above progesterone: inc. contractility

52
Q

oxytocin in latter part of pregnancy

A

causes uterine contractions

- contractions during birth

Pathophysiology (80 decks)

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