outer rim of kidney - contains all glomeruli and 85% of nephron tubules - - 15% of nephrons send loops of henle deep into medulla: juxtamedullary nephrons

module 12 renal anatomy Flashcards by Chelsey Miller

Intake triggered by

thirst

inc. concentration of extracellular fluid (osmolality)
dec. circulating vlood volume

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excretion happens through

urinary tract
- largest vol. excreted
bowels
- normal bowel function
- inc. with diarrhea
lungs
- exhalation
skin
- sweating
insensible perspiration

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function of kidney

filter blood

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hilus

concave portion of kidney

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renal pelvis

Leaves kidney through hilus

Collecting area for urine that drains from collecting ducts of nephrons

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urinary system

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

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kidneys

located in retroperitoneal space in posterior abd.

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ureters

urine drained here by gravity from kidney

- uses peristalsis to move urine to bladder

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urinary bladder

urine storage
2 parts:
body
neck

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urethra

drains bladder when internal and external sphincters are relaxed

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body of bladder

stores urine
made up of smooth muscle (detrusor muscle_
- extends in all directions, contracts as one to empty bladder

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renal medulla

contains 8-18 pyramids, bases adjacent to cortex, apices (papillae) open into minor calices

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minor calices

collect urine that drains from papillae

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pyramids consist of

collecting tubules
collecting ducts
long loops of henle
vasa recta

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vasa recta

capillaries around loops of henle

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cortex

outer rim of kidney

contains all glomeruli and 85% of nephron tubules
- 15% of nephrons send loops of henle deep into medulla: juxtamedullary nephrons

Kindey SNS innervation

renal vasoconstriction

renin release

Renal blood flow arterial side

abdominal aorta ->
renal arteries ->
several interlobar arteries (renal columns adjacent to pyramids ->
arcuate arteries (along base of pyramid/ cortical medullary border) ->
small interlobular arteries (penetrate cortex) ->
afferent arterioles (branches in cortex) ->
glomerular capillaries ->
efferent arterioles ->
peritubular capillaries (wrap around convoluted tubules)

reneal blood flow venous side

peritubular capillaries ->
interlobular venules ->
interlobular vein ->
renal vein ->
vena cava

nephron

functional unit of kidney

filtration of water-soluble substances form blood
reabsorption of filtered nutrient, H20, and electrolytes
secretion of wastes or excess substances

filtration

blood to glomerulus -> proximal convoluted tubule

glomerulus negatively charged
- negative ions and proteins are not filtered through

reabsorption

fluids, electrolytes, and solutes reabsorbed from tubule to blood

secretion

from blood to tubules

excretion

filtrate from kidneys -> bladder to be excreted

functional segments of nephron

``` glomerulus proximal convoluted tubule descending loop of henle ascending loop of henle distal convoluted tubule collecting tubule ```

Glomerulus functions

filters fluid from blood into bowman's Capsule prevents passage of blood cells and proteins blood -> nephron tubule - formed by capillary tuft (lies between afferent and efferent arterioles) and bowman's capsule

proximal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule drains here High ATP requirement for reabsorption transport 2/3 of filtered H2O and electrolytes and all of the filtered bicarb, glucose, amino acids, and vitamins from filtrate to interstitium

descending loop of Henle

only permeable to water -> into interstitium | transports water; delivers a concentrated filtrate to ascending loop of Henle

ascending loop of Henle

nonpermeable to water | actively transports Na, K, Cl, into interstitium to produce a hypoosmotic filtrate and high interstitial osmolality

distal convoluted tubule

transports Na, Cl, water, and urea responsive to aldosterone, angiotensin II, ANP site of macula densa regulation of GFR secretes H and K

collecting tubule transports/secretes

passively transports H2O under influence of ADH | secretes H and K

Bowmans capsule components

parietal layer inner layer (viseral) basement membrane mesangium

parietal layer of bowmans capsule

outer layer along basement membrane

inner layer of bowmans capsule

visceral composed of podcytes - spaces between endothelial cells: fenstra - between foot processes: slit pores

basement membrane of bowmans capsule

prevents plasma proteins, RBC, WBS, and platlets from passing through

mesangium of bowmans capsule

mesangial cells and matrix - contraction and relaxation -> affect GFR - structural support

collecting tubule

multiple distal tubules empty into a single collecting duct, which merges with other ducts - empty into minor calices through papilla 2 types of cells - Principal (P) Cells - Intercalated (I) cells

principal (P) cells

respond to ADH | - inc. ADH: more than 99% of filtrate reabsorbed

intercalated (I) cells

acid-base balance | - regulate secretion of acid