module 12 renal anatomy

Question 1

Intake triggered by

Answer 1

thirst

inc. concentration of extracellular fluid (osmolality)
dec. circulating vlood volume

Question 2

excretion happens through

Answer 2

urinary tract
- largest vol. excreted
bowels
- normal bowel function
- inc. with diarrhea
lungs
- exhalation
skin
- sweating
insensible perspiration

Question 3

function of kidney

Answer 3

filter blood

Question 4

hilus

Answer 4

concave portion of kidney

Question 5

renal pelvis

Answer 5

Leaves kidney through hilus

Collecting area for urine that drains from collecting ducts of nephrons

Question 6

urinary system

Answer 6

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

Question 7

kidneys

Answer 7

located in retroperitoneal space in posterior abd.

Question 8

ureters

Answer 8

urine drained here by gravity from kidney

- uses peristalsis to move urine to bladder

Question 9

urinary bladder

Answer 9

urine storage
2 parts:
body
neck

Question 10

urethra

Answer 10

drains bladder when internal and external sphincters are relaxed

Question 11

body of bladder

Answer 11

stores urine
made up of smooth muscle (detrusor muscle_
- extends in all directions, contracts as one to empty bladder

Question 12

renal medulla

Answer 12

contains 8-18 pyramids, bases adjacent to cortex, apices (papillae) open into minor calices

Question 13

minor calices

Answer 13

collect urine that drains from papillae

Question 14

pyramids consist of

Answer 14

collecting tubules
collecting ducts
long loops of henle
vasa recta

Question 15

vasa recta

Answer 15

capillaries around loops of henle

Question 16

cortex

Answer 16

outer rim of kidney

• contains all glomeruli and 85% of nephron tubules
• • 15% of nephrons send loops of henle deep into medulla: juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 17

Kindey SNS innervation

Answer 17

renal vasoconstriction

renin release

Question 18

Renal blood flow arterial side

Answer 18

abdominal aorta ->
renal arteries ->
several interlobar arteries (renal columns adjacent to pyramids ->
arcuate arteries (along base of pyramid/ cortical medullary border) ->
small interlobular arteries (penetrate cortex) ->
afferent arterioles (branches in cortex) ->
glomerular capillaries ->
efferent arterioles ->
peritubular capillaries (wrap around convoluted tubules)

Question 19

reneal blood flow venous side

Answer 19

peritubular capillaries ->
interlobular venules ->
interlobular vein ->
renal vein ->
vena cava

Question 20

nephron

Answer 20

functional unit of kidney

• filtration of water-soluble substances form blood
• reabsorption of filtered nutrient, H20, and electrolytes
• secretion of wastes or excess substances

Question 21

filtration

Answer 21

blood to glomerulus -> proximal convoluted tubule

• glomerulus negatively charged
• • negative ions and proteins are not filtered through

Question 22

reabsorption

Answer 22

fluids, electrolytes, and solutes reabsorbed from tubule to blood

Question 23

secretion

Answer 23

from blood to tubules

Question 24

excretion

Answer 24

filtrate from kidneys -> bladder to be excreted

Question 25

functional segments of nephron

Answer 25

glomerulus
proximal convoluted tubule
descending loop of henle
ascending loop of henle 
distal convoluted tubule 
collecting tubule

Question 26

Glomerulus functions

Answer 26

filters fluid from blood into bowman’s Capsule
prevents passage of blood cells and proteins
blood -> nephron tubule
- formed by capillary tuft (lies between afferent and efferent arterioles) and bowman’s capsule

Question 27

proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 27

Bowman’s capsule drains here
High ATP requirement for reabsorption
transport 2/3 of filtered H2O and electrolytes and all of the filtered bicarb, glucose, amino acids, and vitamins from filtrate to interstitium

Question 28

descending loop of Henle

Answer 28

only permeable to water -> into interstitium

transports water; delivers a concentrated filtrate to ascending loop of Henle

Question 29

ascending loop of Henle

Answer 29

nonpermeable to water

actively transports Na, K, Cl, into interstitium to produce a hypoosmotic filtrate and high interstitial osmolality

Question 30

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 30

transports Na, Cl, water, and urea
responsive to aldosterone, angiotensin II, ANP
site of macula densa regulation of GFR
secretes H and K

Question 31

collecting tubule transports/secretes

Answer 31

passively transports H2O under influence of ADH

secretes H and K

Question 32

Bowmans capsule components

Answer 32

parietal layer
inner layer (viseral)
basement membrane
mesangium

Question 33

parietal layer of bowmans capsule

Answer 33

outer layer along basement membrane

Question 34

inner layer of bowmans capsule

Answer 34

visceral
composed of podcytes
- spaces between endothelial cells: fenstra
- between foot processes: slit pores

Question 35

basement membrane of bowmans capsule

Answer 35

prevents plasma proteins, RBC, WBS, and platlets from passing through

Question 36

mesangium of bowmans capsule

Answer 36

mesangial cells and matrix

• contraction and relaxation -> affect GFR
• structural support

Question 37

collecting tubule

Answer 37

multiple distal tubules empty into a single collecting duct, which merges with other ducts
- empty into minor calices through papilla
2 types of cells
- Principal (P) Cells
- Intercalated (I) cells

Question 38

principal (P) cells

Answer 38

respond to ADH

- inc. ADH: more than 99% of filtrate reabsorbed

Question 39

intercalated (I) cells

Answer 39

acid-base balance

- regulate secretion of acid