heart anatomy

Question 1

most anterior

Answer 1

Right atrium and ventricle

Question 2

PMI

Answer 2

point of maximum impulse: thrust with heartbeat.

• palpated where apex strikes chest
• Left 5th intercostal space

Question 3

Mitral (bicuspid)

Answer 3

between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 4

tricusbid

Answer 4

between right atrium and right ventricle

Question 5

AV valves

Answer 5

mitral/bicuspid
tricuspid
open passively during diastole
-pressure in atria > ventricle
ventricular contraction shuts valve

Question 6

pulmonic volve

Answer 6

right ventricle to pulmonary arter

Question 7

arotic vlave

Answer 7

left ventricle to aorta

Question 8

semilunar valves

Answer 8

pulmonic
aortic
open and close passively r/t pressure

Question 9

myocardium

Answer 9

cardiac muscle layer

- Left ventricle thickest

Question 10

pericardium

Answer 10

protective covering of heart

epicardium and parietal pericardium

Question 11

epicardium

Answer 11

layer right on heart (visceral pericardium)

Question 12

parietal pericardium

Answer 12

sac around the heart

Question 13

pericardial space

Answer 13

thin, fluid-filled space between layers of pericardium

Question 14

alteration in chamber pressures r/t

Answer 14

valvular disorders
abnormal blood volume
heart failure

Question 15

inferior vena cava

Answer 15

veins from body to right atrium

Question 16

superior vena cava

Answer 16

venous return from brain to right atrium

Question 17

systole

Answer 17

ventricular contraction

Question 18

diastole

Answer 18

ventriculare relaxation

Question 19

interventricular septum

Answer 19

between right and left ventricles

Question 20

volume distribution in vessels

Answer 20

veins 64%
lungs 9%
arteries: 15%
heart in diastole 7%
capillaries 5%

Question 21

vascular resistance distribution

Answer 21

small arteries and arterioles 47%
capillaries 27%
large arteries 19%
veins 7%

Question 22

late diastole

Answer 22

both sets of chambers relaxed

-passive ventricular filling

Question 23

atrial systole

Answer 23

atrial contraction forces small amount of additional blood into ventricle

Question 24

EDV: end-diastolic-volume

Answer 24

maximum amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of relaxation

Question 25

isovolumic ventricular contraction

Answer 25

1st phase of contraction pushes AV valves closes but does not create enough pressure to open semilumar valves

Question 26

ventricular ejection

Answer 26

ventricular pressure > pressure in arteries causing semilunar valves to open and blood is ejected

Question 27

ESV end-systolic volume

Answer 27

minimum amount of blood in ventricles after contraction

Question 28

isovolumic ventricular relaxation

Answer 28

as ventricles relax pressure in ventricle drops, blood flows back into cups of semilunar valves and snaps them closed