module 11 functional anatomy of resp. system

Question 1

Nasopharyngeal cavity

Answer 1

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 2

nasal cavity

Answer 2

conducts gas to and from lungs
-filters
-warms
-humidifies 
rigid box
- 2/3 cartilage
- 1/3 bone
-- prevents collapse

Question 3

Vibrissae

Answer 3

large hairs in nasal cavity that filter

Question 4

cilia

Answer 4

line nasal cavity

sweep foreign particles trapped by mucus to nasopharynx to be swallowed or spit out

Question 5

cilia impaired by

Answer 5

smoking
ETOH
hypo/hyperthermia
cold air
dec. humidity
starvation
anesthetics
corticosteroids
noxious gases
inc mucus production

Question 6

4 paranasal sinuses

Answer 6

air-containing space adjacent to nasal passageways

• speech resonance
• inc. surface area for heat and water vapor exchange

Question 7

Lower airway

Answer 7

Conducting airways:
- trachea
- segmental bronchi
- bronchioles (nonrespiratory)
Respiratory unit
- bronchiles (respiratory)
- alveolar ducts

Question 8

larynx components

Answer 8

transitional area between upper and lower airways
contains
- epiglottis
- vocal cords
- cartilages

Question 9

larynx functions

Answer 9

prevent aspiration with swallowing :epiglottis
assis in phonation
cough assist

Question 10

cough reflex

Answer 10

produced with epiglottis and vocal cords close tightly against air trapped in lungs

• cough -> inc. pressure against closed epiglottis and vocal cords -> suddenly opens and air escapes
• • rapidly removes foreign material

Question 11

cartilage of larynx

Answer 11

thyroid
cricoid: below thyroid: narrowest part in peds airway
- complete tracheal ring
arytenoid

Question 12

trachea

Answer 12

contains incomplete cartilage rings
carina: ridge at lower end of trachea
divides into 2 mainstem bronchi

Question 13

bronchi

Answer 13

cartilage and smooth muscle

• devide into 5 secondary lobar branches
• • 3 in R. lung
• • 2 in L. lung

Question 14

sections after bronchi

Answer 14

lobar branch -> bronchopulmonary segments -> terminal bronchioles (50 or more in each segment) -> branch into resp. bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveoli

Question 15

Nervous system and bronchi/bronchioles

Answer 15

PSNS by vagus nerve:
- constriction (AcH) of bronchial smooth muscle 
SNS: 
- relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
-- B2 adrenergic: catecholemines (NE)

Question 16

Type 1 alveolar cells

Answer 16

structure

- round and open

Question 17

Type 2 alveolar cells

Answer 17

produce surfactant

- minimize surface tension

Question 18

alveolar macrophage

Answer 18

resides in alveoli engulfing foreign material

Question 19

lower airway pediatric considerations

Answer 19

conducting airways narrower

- inc. risk obstruction

Question 20

Pores of Kohn

Answer 20

collateral ventilation

- holes in alveolar wall

Question 21

pulmonary blood supply

Answer 21

blood from 2 areas

• bronchial artery
• pulmonary arteries

Question 22

bronchial artery

Answer 22

small amount of O2 -> pleura and lung tissues

Question 23

pulmonary arteries

Answer 23

capillary network for gas exchange

Question 24

pulmonary circulation

Answer 24

oxygen depleted blood from RV -> pulmonary artery trunk -> R and L pulmonary arteries -> smaller arteries and arterioles -> capillaries -> pulmonary vein -> LA

Question 25

capillary network

Answer 25

low pressure system

can expand 2-3x before inc. in pressure is detected