module 13 lower GI disorders

Question 1

diverticula

Answer 1

herniations of mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon walls

Question 2

diverticulosis

Answer 2

asymptomatic diverticular disease

Question 3

diverticulitis

Answer 3

inflammatory stage of diverticulosis

-> intestinal obstruction, perforation, abscesses

Question 4

diverticulitis s/s

Answer 4

low abd. pain
diarrhea (25%)
constipation
fever
leukocytosis

Question 5

diverticulitis risk factors

Answer 5

western countries

dec. fiber
inc. age

Question 6

mechanical intestinal obstruction

Answer 6

adhesions
hernia
tumor
inflammation
stricture
impacted feces
volvulus 
intessusception

Question 7

functional intestinal obstruction/ ileus

Answer 7

loss of propulsive ability

• after abd. surgery
• dec. K+
• peritonitis
• severe trauma
• spinal fx
• uretal distantion
• narcotics

Question 8

ogilvie syndrome

Answer 8

recurrent ileus

intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Question 9

intestinal obstruction etiology

Answer 9

90% small bowel 
contributing
- abd. surgery
- adhesions
- congenital abnormalities
- metastatic carcinoma

Question 10

intestinal obstruction patho

Answer 10

fluid and gas accumulate proximal -> distention -> H2O and ions secreted into lumen of intestine, impedance of venous return -> edema
leakage into peritoneum -> necrosis

Question 11

IBS s/s

Answer 11

diarrhea, constipation, or both 
bloating 
abdominal cramps 
colicky pain 
s/s worsen as day progresses
eating makes it worse

Question 12

IBS risk factors

Answer 12

psychology
stress
fermentable carbs
microbiome

Question 13

IBS

Answer 13

disorder of bowel motility

• slow wave inc.
• sensory response to stretch inc.

Question 14

Constipation

Answer 14

infrequent or difficult defecation < 1 per 72hr

• neurogenic disorders
• functional or mechanical conditions
• low-residue diet
• sedentary lifestyle
• excessive antacids
• > dec. peristalsis -> fecal impaction

Question 15

diarrhea

Answer 15

inc. frequency of bowel movements
inc. volume, fluidity, wt of feces
Types
- osmotic
- secretory
- motility

Question 16

acute diarrhea

Answer 16

infection
stress
leakage of liquid stool around impacted feces

Question 17

chronic diarrhea

Answer 17

> 4wks
chronic GI infection 
change in motility/ integrity of GI tract
malabsorption
endocrine disorders

Question 18

episodic diarrhea

Answer 18

food allergy 
GI irritant (Caffeine)

Question 19

Osmotic diarrhea

Answer 19

inc. amounts of poorly absorbable solutes cause Na and H2O influx

Question 20

secretory diarrhea

Answer 20

pathological event (bacteria) causes inc. secretion of Cl and H2O into intestine by stimulating active secretion and inhibiting reabsorption

Question 21

Exudative diarrhea

Answer 21

exudation of mucus, blood, and protein from sites of active inflammation in bowel lumen

• > inc. osmotic pressure
• crohns
• UC