Intro to Patho Flashcards
There is usually a single well defined cause or etiologic factor for a disease process? T/F
False: There are many etiologic factors for a disease process.
Epidemiology definition
The study of disease patterns among human populations
Risk factors for a disease are the cause of disease. T/F
False: risk factors increase probability of developing disease.
Prodromal period
The time during which early signs or symptoms begin to appear.
pathophysiologic basis of most diseases
disruption in cellular function and or communication.
Validity and accuracy
degree to which measurement reflects true value of object being measured.
syndrome
collection of symptoms without a single cause.
Pathophysiology includes 4 inter-related topics
etiology
pathogenesis
clinical manifestations
treatment implications
factors that have the ability to influence variations in physiologic processess
age. geographic area
gender. time of day
genetics ethic background
reliability
ability of test to correctly identify those patients without the disease.
latent period
interval between exposure and the development of clinical manifestations
Health education and public health measures are an example of what type of prevention
Primary prevention
Understanding the epidemiology of a disease is essential for
prevention
development of bacterial pneumonia from a vial infection would be an example of a
Complication
Which of the following is an etiologic factor in influenza?
a. elderly age
b. increased susceptibility to infection due to immunosuppression
c. influenza virus
d. chronic respiratory disease
C. influenza virus
all other factors are risk factors that increase probability when present.
iatrogenic
Disease or injury result of an unintended or unwanted medical intervention.
causative agents
factors closely linked with disease
pathogenesis
sequence of events that occur in response to an etiologic agent -> change to cell, tissue, organ, and systemic function.
etiology
study of the causes/reasons for phenomena
pathogenesis
development of a disease
early phase
changes to cell may be detectable with labs, individual has no symptoms
acute phase
disease reaches full intensity, s/s severe
convalescence
stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or procedure
sequela
subsequent condition;
inflammation causing scarring.
predictive value
extent to which test can say positive or negative for a condition
endemic disease
native to a local region
epidemic disease
disseminated to many at the same time
pandemic
epidemics that affect large geographic regions
aggregate factors
principal factors affecting patterns of disease in human:
age, ethnic group, gender, socioeconomic lifestyle, geographic location.
primary prevention
preventing disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure: improve nutrition, housing, sanitation immunization health education clean air
secondary prevention
early detection, screening, and management of disease
- yearly physical
- routine screenings
tertiary prevention
rehabilitative and supportive care, and attempts to alleviate disability and restore function.
- medical Tx
- -PT, Rx, pyschotherapy, radiation
- surgical Tx
