Intro to Patho

Question 1

There is usually a single well defined cause or etiologic factor for a disease process? T/F

Answer 1

False: There are many etiologic factors for a disease process.

Question 2

Epidemiology definition

Answer 2

The study of disease patterns among human populations

Question 3

Risk factors for a disease are the cause of disease. T/F

Answer 3

False: risk factors increase probability of developing disease.

Question 4

Prodromal period

Answer 4

The time during which early signs or symptoms begin to appear.

Question 5

pathophysiologic basis of most diseases

Answer 5

disruption in cellular function and or communication.

Question 6

Validity and accuracy

Answer 6

degree to which measurement reflects true value of object being measured.

Question 7

syndrome

Answer 7

collection of symptoms without a single cause.

Question 8

Pathophysiology includes 4 inter-related topics

Answer 8

etiology
pathogenesis
clinical manifestations
treatment implications

Question 9

factors that have the ability to influence variations in physiologic processess

Answer 9

age. geographic area
gender. time of day
genetics ethic background

Question 10

reliability

Answer 10

ability of test to correctly identify those patients without the disease.

Question 11

latent period

Answer 11

interval between exposure and the development of clinical manifestations

Question 12

Health education and public health measures are an example of what type of prevention

Answer 12

Primary prevention

Question 13

Understanding the epidemiology of a disease is essential for

Answer 13

prevention

Question 14

development of bacterial pneumonia from a vial infection would be an example of a

Answer 14

Complication

Question 15

Which of the following is an etiologic factor in influenza?

a. elderly age
b. increased susceptibility to infection due to immunosuppression
c. influenza virus
d. chronic respiratory disease

Answer 15

C. influenza virus

all other factors are risk factors that increase probability when present.

Question 16

iatrogenic

Answer 16

Disease or injury result of an unintended or unwanted medical intervention.

Question 17

causative agents

Answer 17

factors closely linked with disease

Question 18

pathogenesis

Answer 18

sequence of events that occur in response to an etiologic agent -> change to cell, tissue, organ, and systemic function.

Question 19

etiology

Answer 19

study of the causes/reasons for phenomena

Question 20

pathogenesis

Answer 20

development of a disease

Question 21

early phase

Answer 21

changes to cell may be detectable with labs, individual has no symptoms

Question 22

acute phase

Answer 22

disease reaches full intensity, s/s severe

Question 23

convalescence

Answer 23

stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or procedure

Question 24

sequela

Answer 24

subsequent condition;

inflammation causing scarring.

Question 25

predictive value

Answer 25

extent to which test can say positive or negative for a condition

Question 26

endemic disease

Answer 26

native to a local region

Question 27

epidemic disease

Answer 27

disseminated to many at the same time

Question 28

pandemic

Answer 28

epidemics that affect large geographic regions

Question 29

aggregate factors

Answer 29

principal factors affecting patterns of disease in human: | age, ethnic group, gender, socioeconomic lifestyle, geographic location.

Question 30

primary prevention

Answer 30

``` preventing disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure: improve nutrition, housing, sanitation immunization health education clean air ```

Question 31

secondary prevention

Answer 31

early detection, screening, and management of disease - yearly physical - routine screenings

Question 32

tertiary prevention

Answer 32

rehabilitative and supportive care, and attempts to alleviate disability and restore function. - medical Tx - -PT, Rx, pyschotherapy, radiation - surgical Tx