schizophrenia: biological therapies ao1 Flashcards
what drugs are used to treat schiz
antipsychotics
all antipsychotics work as …
dopamine antagonists
they reduce the action of dopamine inareas of the brain assoiciated with symptos of schizophrenia
2 types of antipsychotics
Typical
Atypical
Typical antipsychotic is
Bind to dopamine receptors without stimulating them
Atypical antipsychotics work by …
Drugs targeting 3 receptors
- dopamine receptors
- serotonin receptors
- glutamate receptors
They only temp occupy DA receptors before rapidly dissociating and allowing normal dopamine transmission
Which is cheaper atypical or typical
Typical
How does phenothiazine help - typical antipsychotic
Blocking dopamine receptors
Bind to them and stop action of da
Reduce positive symptoms in 60% of patients
Problems with phenothiazine’s (3 issues and brief explanation)
Parkinson’s symptoms - muscle tremor
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - muscle rigidnesss and impairment of autonomic nervous system
Tarditive dyslexia - Involuntary lip smacking
1) Is Clozapine is atypical or typical
2) is chlorpromazine typical or atypical
1) Atypical - clozapine
2) typical - chlorpromazine
Describe clozapine
Newer drug works on both serotonin and dopamine receptors
Usfuel for 85 percent of patients
Reduces both pos and neg symptoms
How does clozapine work
Improve mood and reduce depression and anxiety
improves cognitive functioning
Cloazipine prescribed when…
Patient at high risk of suicide
Important be around 30-50% patients attempt succide at an point
Issues with clozapine
Patient has 1percent risk of developing agranulocytosis - causes WBC count to drop
Also more expensive so less widely available
Typical antipsychotics reduce..
Postive symptoms
Who did research into typical antipsychotics
Kapur et al 2000
What did kapur et al 2000 find regarding typical antipsychotics
Between 60% and 70% of D2 receptors in the Mesolimblic pathway must be blocked in order for these drugs to
Be effective
A similar number of d2 receptors in other areas of the brain must also be blocked
Typical antipsychotics side effects
tardive dyskinesia Involuntary movement of tounge face and jaw
Drugs affect the extrapyramidal area of the brain which helps to control motor activity
Effect of atypical antipsychotics
Affect both positive and negative symptoms
Improve mood and cognitive functioning
Reducing anxiety and depression
Often provided to patients at risk of suicide
