7.3 Acid Base Balance Part 3 Flashcards
What does hypoventilation do?
respiratory rate slows down allowing more CO2 to accumulate
What are the pH imbalances that can occur if the respiratory center malfunctions?
respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
Which acid base balance system is the slowest acting?
renal control
Which acid base balance system has the most impact?
renal control
What is the main use of the renal control mechanism?
manage acid-base imbalance caused by daily metabolic processes or abnormal disease conditions
What is the main way to renal control mechanism controls acid base balance?
excreting or reabsorbing bicarbonate ion
What does acid base balance by the renal mechanism depend on?
hydrogen ion secretion and the conversion of bicarbonate
What does H+ secretion through renal filtrate occur in response to?
pH of the extracellular fluid
What do the renal collecting ducts do during alkalosis?
secrete bicarbonate while simultaneously recovering H+ to lower the pH of the blood
How can disorders of acid base balance systems be classified?
respiratory or metabolic
What is a respiratory acid base blood system disorder?
cause higher or lower CO2 pressure in the blood
What is a metabolic acid base blood disorder?
other cellular processes
What happens in severe acidosis?
pH drops below 7
CNS is markedly depressed
coma
imminent death
What happens in severe alkalosis?
blood pH rises above 7.8
CNS is markedly excited
extreme nervousness
muscle contraction
convulsion
death
What is respiratory acidosis characterized by?
lower pH because of a higher PCO2
What can cause respiratory acidosis?
shallow breathing
limited gas excchange
cystic fibrosis
emphysema
pneumonia
What is respiratory alkalosis characterized by?
higher pH because of a lower PCO2
What can cause respiratory alkalosis?
hyperventilation
panic attack
What will try and correct either respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?
renal compensation
What is metabolic acidosis characterized by?
lower pH (with normal PCO2 levels) due to lower HCO3 concentration
