7.3 Acid Base Balance

Question 1

What are the two main compartments that water is found in?

Answer 1

intracellular
extracellular

Question 2

What percentage of fluid in the body does intracellular fluid account for?

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

What are the two sections of the extracellular fluid?

Answer 3

plasma
interstitial fluid

Question 4

What is plasma?

Answer 4

fluid portion of blood

Question 5

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 5

fluid in the microscopic spaces between cells

Question 6

What does acid base balance refer to?

Answer 6

balance of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the blood

Question 7

What does the pH scale range from?

Answer 7

0-14

Question 8

What is the acidic pH ranges?

Answer 8

0-6

Question 9

What is neutral pH?

Answer 9

7

Question 10

What is alkaline pH range?

Answer 10

8-14

Question 11

What does a higher concentration of H atoms mean?

Answer 11

more acidic

Question 12

What are enzymes?

Answer 12

specialized proteins that control the rate of all metabolic reactions

Question 13

Why is maintaining a proper pH important?

Answer 13

activity of enzymes

Question 14

What is the normal arterial pH?

Answer 14

7.35-7.45

Question 15

What is alkalosis?

Answer 15

raise in blood pH levels; above 7.45

Question 16

What is acidosis?

Answer 16

drop in blood pH levels; below 7.35

Question 17

What is the pH of venous blood and interstitial fluid as compared to arterial blood? Why?

Answer 17

lower; acidic materials produced by cellular metabolism

Question 18

What is the principle method through which acid enters the human body?

Answer 18

cellular metabolism

Question 19

What are the three main methods that blood pH is controlled?

Answer 19

chemical buffer systems
brain stem respiratory center
renal system

Question 20

What is an anion?

Answer 20

negatively charged ion