4.1 Anatomy of the Heart and Vessels Flashcards
What is the cardiovascular system?
closed circulatory system where fluids are pumped from the heart to the body and back to the heart
What does cardio mean?
heart
What does vascular mean?
vessels
What does the cardiovascular system include?
muscular heart
blood vessels
blood
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
transportation of gases, nutrients, and wastes
prevents blood loss through clotting
fights the invasion of foreign pathogens
What is the heart?
first sized cone shaped muscular organ
Where is the heart located?
pericardial cavity
Where is the pericardial cavity located?
anterior portion of the mediastinum between the lungs
What separates the thoracic cavity down the middle?
mediastinum
What is one each side of the mediastinum?
pleural cavities
What is the pericardium?
tough, thick sack that encloses the heart
What is the function of the pericardium?
protects the heart
anchors the heart to the diaphragm
What are the inner and outer layers of the pericardium covered by?
smooth layer of endothelium
What is the purpose of the fluid located between the inner and outer layer of the pericardium?
allows the heart to slide with no friction
What is the bulk of the heart known as?
myocardium
What is the myocardium composed of?
cardiac muscle
What is the layer of the heart that contracts?
myocardium
What is the endocardium?
white sheet of endothelium that lines the heart and is continuous with the blood vessel linings
How many chambers does the heart have?
four
What separates the left and right sides of the heart?
septum
