5.3 Diseases of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards
What are the major histocompatability complex?
specific glycoprotein surface receptors on all cells of the body that are unique to each individual
What is the purpose of the MHC?
enables the immune system to determine what cells are the bodys cells and what are foreign cells
What cells can recognize and destroy invading cells based on the MHC?
killer T cells
What is graft rejection?
rejection of a transplanted organ by an organ donor
What causes graft rejection?
the MHC on the surface of the graft is recognized as foreign by the body
Who can make organ donations with no issues?
identical twins
How do we oppose graft rejection?
use of immunosuppressant drugs
What is a side effect of immunosuppressant drugs?
patient is more susceptible to disease
What is an autoimmune disease?
occurs when antibodies and T cells attack the body’s own tissues
What type of disease is rheumatoid arthritis?
autoimmune disease
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
T cells attack the synovial linings inside of joints
What type of disease is multiple sclerosis?
autoimmune disease
What is multiple sclerosis?
antibodies attach or prevent the formation of the myelin sheath around nerve cells
What is a symptom of multiple sclerosis?
muscular weakness
What happens during allergic reactions?
antibodies are produced against mild antigens
What are allergens?
mild antigens that are typically common environmental factors such as pollen or dust mites
What are common symptoms of allergic reactions?
red/watery eyes
sneezing
runny nose
headaches
What is anaphylaxis?
excessive immune response to an allergen
What occurs during anaphylaxis?
antibodies are overproduced by B cells which increase capillary permeability and cause symptoms within minutes
What are symptoms of anaphylaxis?
life threatening
hives
narrowed respiratory pathways
anaphylactic shock
