Visual Disorder Definitions

Question 1

Astigmatism

Answer 1

Blurred vision: light focuses at no clear point on the retina because corneal surface is irregularly curved

Question 2

Diplopia

Answer 2

Double vision

Question 3

Hyperopia

Answer 3

Farsightedness: Light focuses behind retina because eyeball is too short or \because cornea or lens have inadequate refractive power.

Question 4

Miosis

Answer 4

Pupil is smaller than normal

Question 5

Myopia

Answer 5

Nearsightedness: Light focuses in front of retina because eyeball is too long or because cornea or lens have excessive refractive power

Question 6

Mydriasis

Answer 6

Pupil is larger than normal (dilated)

Question 7

Cataract

Answer 7

Complain of decrease in vision, abnormal color preception, glare; an opacity within the crystalline lens

Question 8

Retinal Detachment

Answer 8

Photopsia (light flashes), floaters, “cobweb,” “hairnet,” or ring in field of vision, painless loss of peripheral or central vision, “like a curtain” coming across the field of vision. Separation of the sensory retina and the underlying pigment epithelium with fluid accumulation between two layers.

Question 9

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 9

Blurred vision; lens swelling caused by hyperglycemia; complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the retinal blood vessels

Question 10

Glaucoma

Answer 10

Two types

1. Primary Open Angle
2. Primary Angle Closure

Increased interocular pressure, “tunnel vision.” May c/o no pain or sudden pain in or around eye, N/V, colored halos around lights, blurred visions, and ocular redness

Question 11

Strabismus

Answer 11

Cannot consistently focus two eyes simultaneously on the same object; primary complaint is double vision

Question 12

Photorefractive kertectomy (PRK)

Answer 12

Blurred vision; lens swelling caused by hyperglycemia; complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the retinal blood vessels

Question 13

Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

Answer 13

Procedure in which first a corneal flap is folded back, and then a laser removes some of the internal layers of the cornea. Afterward, the flap is returned to normal position and allowed to heal in place

Question 14

Age-related macular degeneration

Answer 14

Disease that affects central vision. May c/o blurred and darkened vision, the presence of blind spots in the visual field and distortion of vision