Diabetes2 Flashcards
Normal Fasting Blood Glucose
60-100mg/dL
Normal HbA1C
less than or equal to 5.6%
Pre-Diabetes
a condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 DM
Fasting Blood Glucose or Fasting Plasma Glucose…Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) value (prediabetes)
100mg/dL-125mg/dL
Two Hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Impaired Glucose Tolerance (prediabetes)
140mg/dL-199mg/dL
HbA1C
determines glucose levels over previous 2-3 months
What is two hour oral glucose test?
take glucose and then two hours later are tested
Pre-diabetic HbA1C
5.7-6.4%
Diabetic HbA1C
greater than or equal to 6.5%
Diabetic Fasting Plasma Glucose
greater than or equal to 126 mh/dL
Diabetic Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
greater than or equal to 200mg/dL
Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia
polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss
Diabetic Random Plasma Glucose
greater than or equal to 200mg/dL
Polyuria
glucose is highly osmotic leading to excessive loss of fluid and electrolytes
when serum glucose reaches the renal threshold, excessive glucose spills into urine
Renal Threshold Glucose
160-180mg/dL
Polydipsia
excessive thirst
Why does polydipsia occur in hyperglycemia
due to osmotic diuresis and dehydration
Polyphagia
excessive hunger
Why does polyphagia occur?
cellular starvation when insulin deficiency prevent utilization of glucose for energy
What are symptoms of type 1 DM?
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- weight loss
- weakness and fatigue
- Ketone production
- Glycosuria
Why are ketones produced in diabetics?
ketones are the end product of fat metabolism
What is glycosuria?
Serum glucose levels rise above renal threshold, glucose spills into the urine
Symptoms of type 2 DM
Gradual onset:
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- Fatigue
- Recurrent infections
- Prolonged wound healing
- Visual Changes
- Vascular Changes
