Sprains/Strains and Diagnostic Tests Flashcards
What is the best intervention for sprains and strains?
Prevention
How can you prevent sprains and strains?
Stretching and warm-up exercises
Symptoms of sprain/strain
- Pain
- Edema
- Decrease in function
- Bruising
Treatment for Sprain/Strain
Rest and limit movement
Ice to injured area
Compression to involved extremity** **
Elevation
Standard X-Ray Purpose and TNI
Purpose:
- Evaluates structural or functional changes of bone
- Determine bone density
TNI:
- Avoid excessive exposure of patient and self
- Verify that patient is not pregnant
Arthrogram Purpose/TNI
Injection of contrast media/air into joint cavity
Purpose:
- Evaluate suspected joint damage
- Visualization of joint structures
TNI:
- Assess for contrast dye allergy
- Signed consent
- Explain procedure
- Aseptic preparation of area to be injected with dye
Arthroscopy Purpose/TNI
Insertion of arthroscope into joint for visualization of the interior of a joint cavity. Fiberoptic examination of joint interior
Purpose:
- Diagnosis of joint disorders - especially knees and shoulders
- Repair torn tissue
TNI:
- Varies based on type of anesthesia used (general, local)
- Performed in OR with strict asepsis
- Monitor for infection
Computer Tomography Purpose/TNI
X-ray beams used with a computer to provide a 3-dimensional picture. Computer assisted x-ray that rotates 180 degrees around head or body.
Purpose:
- Provides three-dimensional images
- Identify soft tissue and bony abnormalities and various musculoskeletal trauma
TNI:
- Noninvasive - IV contrast dye may be used. Assess for allergy to dye
- Painless procedure
- Small radiation exposure
- Importance of remaining still during procedure
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Purpose/TNI
Radiowaves and magnetic fields are used to construct soft tissue and bone images. Produces richly detailed images without contrast media
Purpose:
- Can detect soft tissue disorders such as:
- cartilage and ligament tears
- osteomyelitis
- herniated disks
- Bone disorders:
- vascular necrosis
- tumors
- multiple myeloma
TNI:
- Painless procedure
- No radiation
- Uses magnetic field and radio waves
- noisy machine, scanning chamber
- Contraindicated in client with: aneurysm clips, metallic implants, pacemakers, electronic devices, hearing aids, extemely obese
- No watches, credit cards, snaps, zippers, or jewery
- Medication patches removed
- May cause claustrophobia
- Open MRI can sometimes be used for clients who are extremely obese or claustrophobic
Myelography (myelogram) Purpose/TNI
Injection of a radiopaque dye into the sac around nerve roots, followed by x-rays of spine.
Purpose:
- visualize spinal column and subarchnoid space when a spinal lesion is suspected
- Shows distortions of the spinal cord caused by tumors or changes in bone structure
- Sensitive test for nerve impingement
TNI:
- Assess for allergies to dye
- Empty bladder pre-procedure
- Headache is most common complaint
- Monitor for changes in neurologic status and VS
- Encourage fluids
- Tilting table for position changes during test
- Provide quiet, comfortable environment post procedure
- Teach client that they will be flat for a few hours post procedure
Bone Scan Purpose/TNI
Scintillation camera scans to check radioisotope uptake. Increased or decreasd radioisotope uptake is significant
Purpose:
Performed to diagnose osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, bone malignancy, fractures, avasular necrosis
TNI:
- Injection of radioisotope 2-3 hours pre-procedure
- No pain or harm from isotopes
- Empty bladder pre-procedure
- Lie supine for 1 hour during procedure
- Increase fluids after scan
Bone Density Scanning dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Purpose/TNI
Used to diagnose metabolic bone disease and monitor for changes
Purpose:
- Measures bone desnity in the spine, hips and forarm, whole body
- Evaluates changes in bone density over time
- Assess the effectiveness of treatment
- Fast and precise
- Low dose radiation
TNI:
- Explain procedure
- Teach client test will be repeated to measure effectiveness of therapy
- Inform client procedure is painless
