Diabetes Flashcards
angiopathy
damage to blood vessels secondary to chronic hyperglycemia
macrovascular complications
diseases of the large and medium-sized blood vessels that occur with greater frequency in people with DM (stroke, cardivascular disease, amputations)
What are risk factors of macrovascular complications?
obesity, smoking, hypertension, high fat intake, sedentary life style
Prevention of macrovascular complications
control of BP, management of altered lipid profile, control of hyperglycemia
Microvascular Complications
result from thickening of the vessels in the capillaries and arterioles in response to chronic hyperglycemia. most noticable in the eyes, kidney, skin
Diabetic retinopathy
microvascular damage to retina as a result of chronic hyperglycemia
non-proliferative retinopathy
most common form, microaneurysms develop, capillary fluid leak, retinal edema, hard exudates develop
proliferative retinopathy
most severe form, vitreous and retina, new blood vessels form, fragile vessels,easily hemorrhage, detachment may occur
Care of retinopathy
early diagnosis and treatment, annual dilated eye exam, performed by an ophthalmologist
Treatment retinopathy
laser photocoagulation
Virectomy
small incision to remove blood and fibers
Sensory nuropathy treatment
control of blood glucose the only treatment, medications may be used to treat symptoms, topicals, antidepressants, anti-seizure medications
Autonomic neuropathy
a nerve disorder that affects involuntary body functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, prespiration and digestion. all body systems can be affected
Autonomic neuropathy complications
- gastroparesis
- cardivascular changes
- sexual dysfunction
- neurogenic bladder
Complications of feet and lower extremities in diabetics
common cause of hospitalizations in diabetics, combination of macrovascular and microvascular changes
