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Semester Two - Nursing 112 > Urinary Tract Obstruction/Burns > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Obstruction/Burns Flashcards

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1
Q

A noninvasive procedure to break up renal stones into sand-like particles through the use of shockwaves

A

Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy

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2
Q

An incision into the ureter to remove a urinary stone

A

Ureterolithotomy

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3
Q

Acute or chronic inflammation of the renal pelvis and parenchyma of the kidney calyces due to a bacterial infection

A

Pyelonephritis

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4
Q

Dilation of the kidney calyces due to a bladder outlet obstruction

A

Hydronephrosis

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5
Q

Stainless steel wire placed in the urinary tract system to hold back the walls thus allowing an unobstructed flow of urine

A

stent

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6
Q

Urinary Tract Stone

A

Urolithiasis or Nephrolithiasis

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7
Q

An incision into the kidney to remove a stone

A

Nephrolithotomy

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8
Q

X-Ray examination that visualizes the urinary tract after the administration of IV contrast material

A

Intravenous Pyelogram

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9
Q

Examination of the bladder through the use of a lighted scope

A

Cytoscopy

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10
Q

An incision into the renal pelvis to remove a stone

A

pyelolithotomy

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11
Q

When a catheter is inserted into the renal pelvis due to an obstruction of the ureter

A

Nephrostomy

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12
Q

Serum Creatinine Normal

A

0.6-1.5mg/100mL

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13
Q

What is creatinine?

A

The end product of muscle and protein metabolism and is liberated at a constant rate. Results are higher in men

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14
Q

BUN Normal

A

10-30mg/100mL

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15
Q

What is blood urea nitrogen?

A

Concentration of urea in blood is regulated by rate at which kidney excretes urea

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16
Q

Creatinine Clearance

A

waste product of protein breakdown. clearance of creatinine by the kidney approximate glomerular filtration rate.

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17
Q

Urine Osmolality

A

total concentration of particles in a solution.

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18
Q

Intravenous Pyelogram

A

allows visulization of urinary tract with contrast medium

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19
Q

Recommended fluid intake

A

2500mL/day

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

What is the purpose of Intravenous Pyleogram?

A

Allows visulization of urinary tract with contrast medium

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22
Q

How many hours NPO before intravenous pyleogram?

A

8 hours

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23
Q

What to look for during IVP

A
  • anaphylaxis
  • resp distress
  • urticaria
  • drop in BP
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24
Q

Emergency drugs for IVP

A

benadryl and epinephrine

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25
Q

Delayed reaction to contrast dye in IVP

A
  • itching
  • nausea
  • resp. problems
  • oliguria
26
Q

What should you encourage after IVP?

A

fluid intake

27
Q

What allergy should you be on alert for for an IVP?

A
  • shellfish
  • iodine
28
Q

Purpose of cytoscopy

A

Use of a tubular lighted scope to inspect interior of bladder

29
Q

What should the nurse encourage during cytoscopy?

A

relaxation actitivies, deep breathing

30
Q

What should a client expect after a cytoscopy?

A
  • burning with urination
  • pink tinged urine
  • urinary frequency
31
Q

In clients with urinary tract obstruction, BUN does what?

A

is elevated

32
Q

In clients with urinary tract obstructions, serum creatinine does what?

A

is increased

33
Q

A client with a urinary tract obstruction will exhibit what?

A
  • hematuria
  • chronic urinary tract infections
  • renal colic
  • fever
  • tenderness on palpation of renal area
34
Q

Clients with urinary tract calculi may have a history of what?

A
  • family members with urinary tract calculi
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • previous urinary tract stones
35
Q

Metabolic factors contributing to urinary tract obstructions

A

increased urine levels of calcium, oxaluric acid, uric acid or citric acid

36
Q

Climate factors contributing to urinary tract obstructions

A

warm climate that contributes to incidence of dehydration (increase fluid loss, low urine volume, concentrated urine)

37
Q

diet factors contributing to urinary tract obstructions

A
  • high protein diet that increases uric acid excretion
  • excessive intake of tea or fruit juices that increase urinary oxalate levels
  • high intake of calcium and oxalate in diet
  • low fluid intake that increases urianry concentration
38
Q

Genetic factors that contribute to urinary tract obstruction

A

family history of stone formation, cystinuria, gout, or renal acidosis

39
Q

lifestyle factors contributing to urinary tract obstructions

A

sedentary occupation, immobility

40
Q

Foods high in calcium

A
  • milk
  • cheese
  • fish with bones
  • ice cream
  • beans
  • chocolate
41
Q

Foods high in oxalate

A
  • spinach
  • asparagus
  • nuts
  • tomatos
  • chocolate
42
Q

Foods high in purines

A
  • sardines
  • herring
  • kidney
  • liver
  • goose
  • mussels
  • venison
43
Q

Burn

A

injury to the tissues of the body caused by heat, chemicals, electrical current, or radiation

44
Q

Common causes of burns in children

A
  • hot water scalds most freq in toddlers
  • flame related burns most common in older children
  • 10-20% of documented cases of child abuse include burn injuries
  • children playing with matches or lighters account for 1 in 10 house fires
45
Q

Rule of Nines

A

guide for determining the total body surface area affected by a burn

46
Q

Head and Neck

A

9

47
Q

Each Arm

A

9

48
Q

Anterior Trunk

A

18

49
Q

Posterior Trunk

A

18

50
Q

Each Leg

A

18

51
Q

Peritneum

A

1

52
Q

Palm

A

1

53
Q

1st 24-48 hours Cardiovascular pathophysiology

A

increase vas. permeability in area of burn injury due to infammatory response –> Loss of plasma proteins and electrolytes –> increase in interstitial fluid –> Decrease in intravascular volume……damaged tissue at burn site

54
Q

1st 24-48 hours respiratory pathophysiology

A

damage to airway secondary to direct burn injury or inhalation of noxious gases

55
Q

1st 24-48 hours renal pathophysiology

A

decreased urinary output secondary to decreased renal blood flow, loss of protein at burn site, stress response to burn injury

56
Q

What lab values would be expected in a burn patient?

A

BUN + CR increase, increase in BG

57
Q

When does the diuretic phase take place after a burn?

A

24-48 hours

58
Q

24-48 hours cardiovascular pathophysiology

A

interstitial to intravascular fluid shifts

59
Q

24-48 hours renal pathophysiology

A

increased urinary output

60
Q

What lab balues would be expected from a burn patient 24-48 hours after a burn?

A

diuresis and low specific urine gravity

61
Q

Parkland Formula

A

4mL LR X body weight (kg) X % of body surface area burned = 24 hour total fluid replacement

62
Q

Application of parkland formula

A

1/2 of total 24 hour fluid replacement in first 8 hours

1/4 of total 24 hour fluid replacement in second 8 hours

1/4 of ttotal 24 hour fluid replacement in third 8 hours

Semester Two - Nursing 112 (90 decks)

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