Neoplasms Lecture Screening Tests

Question 1

Purpose of pap smear

Answer 1

Microscopic study of exfoliated cells from the cervix to detect early cellular changes compatible with premalignant conditions or existing malignant conditions. 95% accuracy for detecting cervical carcinoma

Question 2

Procedure of pap smear

Answer 2

Lithotomy position, the cervix is exposed by a vaginal speculum. moist saline cotton swab is rotated within the cervical canal and in the squamocolumnar junction. The specimen is smeared on a glass slide and placed in a fixative solution.

Question 3

Purpose of Mammogram

Answer 3

low dose x-ray of breast to detect tumors too small to be palpated. almost 35% of breast cancers are not palpable and are detected only by mammorgraphy. the accuracy rate of mammography in the detection of breast cancer is approximately 85%

Question 4

Pelvic Exam Purpose

Answer 4

Physical examination of the external and internal genitalia to detect abnormalities

Question 5

Pelvic Exam Procedure

Answer 5

• Lithotomy position
• Inspection of the vaginal epithelium and cervix with use of a speculum. Specimens collected.
• 2 lubricated gloved fingers slowly inserted into the vagina and the opposite hand is used to apply pressure to the lower abdomen in several positions and directions. The uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries may then be felt for size, shape, position, mobilitity and consistency.

Question 6

Procedure of mammogram

Answer 6

• patient sits or stand in front of mammogram machine
• breast is compressed between 2 plates on x-ray cassette
• 2 views - head to foot & laterally
• radiation exposure is minimal and deemed safe
• exam takes ~15 minutes

Question 7

Nursing Interventions pap smear

Answer 7

• smear should be obtained midcycle
• patient should refrain from douching for at least 24 hours prior to exam
• sometimes recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse 24–48 hours prior to exam

Question 8

Nursing Interventions Pelvic Exam

Answer 8

• refrain from douching at least 24 hours prior to exam
• sometimes recommended to refrain from sexual activity 24-48 hours prior to exam

Question 9

Nursing interventions for mammogram

Answer 9

• pt. should avoid deodorant, perfume, powder, on day of test because these chemicals may interfere with x-ray picture
• some discomfort from breast compression may occur
• exam should be scheduled during the first two weeks after menses
• reduce caffeine intake for 1-2 weeks prior to exam