Neoplasms #3 (1)

Question 1

Screening methods for reproductive cancer

Answer 1

• pap smear
• pelvic exam

Question 2

Risk Factors Cervical Cancer

Answer 2

1. Low socioeconomic status
2. Early sexual activity
3. Multiple sex partners
4. HPV infection
5. Smoking

Question 3

Clinical manifestations of cervical cancer

Answer 3

usually asymptomatic until later stages

Question 4

Risk factors endometrial cancer

Answer 4

1. Estrogen
2. Increasing age
3. Nulliparty
4. Obesity
5. HTN
6. DM
7. Family History of nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

Question 5

Clinical manifestations of endometrial cancer

Answer 5

abnormal uterine bleeding

Question 6

Risk factors of ovarian cancer

Answer 6

• Family history ovarian/breast/colon cancer
• Nulliparty
• Increasing age
• High Fat diet
• Early menarche and late menopause
• HRT
• Infertility drugs

Question 7

Risk factors to vulvar (external genitalia) cancer

Answer 7

• Immunosuppression
• DM
• HTN
• Chronic vuvlar dystrophies (STDS)

Question 8

Clinical Manifestations of ovarian cancer

Answer 8

• Persistent bloating
• Pelvic or abdominal pain
• Feeling full quickly
• Frequent or urgent urination
• Loss of appetite
• Post-menopausal bleeding

Question 9

Clinical manifestations of vulvar (external genitalia)

Answer 9

1. Vulvular itching or buring
2. Pain
3. Bleeding
4. Discharge

Question 10

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 10

• 80% of all skin cancers
• Rarely metastasize
• Non-melanoma
• High cure rate when treated early

Question 11

Assessment of Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 11

• Shiny, translucent or pearly nodule
• Sore that continuously heals and then reopens
• Waxy scar
• Reddish iriitated patches of skin
• Most appear on sun-exposed areas: face, ears, scalp, upper trunk

Question 12

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 12

• 16% of all skin cancers
• Potential to metastasize when not treated early
• Smoking contributes to formation

Question 13

Assessment of Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 13

• Crusted or scaly area of skin with red of inflamed base
• Scale or horn may cover lesion
• May occur inside of mouth and genitalia
• Often found on sun-exposed areas

Question 14

Melanoma

Answer 14

• Most prevalent form of cancer in women aged 25-29
• 4% of all skin cancers
• Rapidly spreads to lymph system and internal organs
• Once metastasized, prognosis is poor

Question 15

Assessment of Melanoma

Answer 15

• Often develops in pre-existing mole or what appears to be a new mole
• Asymmetry
• Border Irregularity
• Color variation within lesion
• Diameter >6mm
• Elevation and evolution (change)

Question 16

Colon Cancer Risk Factors

Answer 16

• Age
• Familial polyposis
• Colorectal polyps
• Chronic IBD
• Family history colorectal cancer
• History breast cancer
• High fat and/or low fiber diet

Question 17

Screening methods for Colon Cancer

Answer 17

• Begin at age 50
• Begin at age 45 for african americans or family history of colon cancer
• Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT)
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or colonscopy every 10 years
• 2/3 deaths preventable with screening

Question 18

Clinical manifestations of Colon Cancer

Answer 18

1. Non-specific until advanced disease
2. Right Sided Cancer: vague, colicky abdominal pain, weakness, fatigue
3. Left Sided Cancer: rectal bleeding, constipation, diarrhea, change in stool caliber

Question 19

Surgical and Treatment Interventions for Colon Cancer

Answer 19

• Abdominal Perineal Resection
• Lower Anterior Resection
• Hemi-colectomy
• Radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Biotherapy
• Targeted therapy