UTIs in Small Animals Flashcards
what is pyelonephritis?
inflammation of kidney parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis
what in urine helps with defense?
acidic pH
high urine osmolality
urinary inhibitors of bacterial adherence
competitive inhibitors of attachment to uroepithelial cells
mechanical flushing of urine flow
what are the clinical signs of UTIs?
urgency
hematuria
inappropriate urination
dysuria
pollakiuria
stranguria
foul-smelling urine
urine may become redder towards end of urination
urinary incontinence
what does poor vulvar conformation lead to?
UTIs
vaginitis
what do we look for in a urinalysis to diagnose a UTI?
bacteriuria
pyuria
hematuria
what is the kirby-bauer disc diffusion method based on for culture?
antimicrobial concentrations achievable in plasma and tissue
how are many antibiotics excreted?
by the kidneys
what is the minimum inhibitory concentration?
lowest concentration that inhibits growth of the pathogen
are gram negative or gram positive bacteria more commonly the causes of a UTI?
gram negative: 75%
what does it mean when a UTI is uncomplicated?
no underlying structural, neurologic, or functional abnormality
what are the first line drugs for treatment of uncomplicated UTIs?
amoxicillin
cephalexin
trimethoprim sulfa
when should you use empiric fluoroquinolones for a UTI?
complicated UTI that has pyelonephritis or prostatitis
which cats are likely to have a UTI if they have signs?
cats >10 years old
or concurrent disease
what is dysuria?
painful urination
what is periuria?
urination in inappropriate locations
