Salivary Mucoceles and Perineal Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

what are the clinical signs of a salivary mucocele?

A

soft, fluctuant, non-painful cervical swelling
ranula: blood-tinged saliva
pharyngeal mucocele: dyspnea, dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how can you treat a salivary mucocele?

A

remove offending salivary glands
can be done bilaterally
+/- resection of redundant skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the usual cause of a cervical abscess?

A

chewing sticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a perineal hernia?

A

herniation of abdominal contents through pelvic diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can herniate in a perineal hernia?

A

fat
urinary bladder
prostate
colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is present in most cases of perineal hernia?

A

a reason for straining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are steroid hormones synthesized from?

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do steroid hormones bind to?

A

steroid hormone receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the clinical signs of perineal hernias?

A

tenesmus
dyschezia
perineal swelling
urinary obstruction is rare, even if bladder is herniated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the potential complications of perineal hernia surgery?

A

infection
temporary incontinence
rectal prolapse
sciatic nerve entrapment
recurrence: <5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are salivary mucoceles more common in dogs or cats?

A

dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which dogs have increased incidence of salivary mucoceles?

A

poodles
german shepherd dogs
dachshunds
toy breeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the most common etiology of a salivary mucocele?

A

disruption of mandibular/sublingual gland salivary duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the sites of salivary mucoceles?

A

cervical/subcutaneous: most common
sublingual
pharyngeal
less: periorbital, cheek/below ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the rule-outs for a salivary mucocele?

A

cervical abscess
tumor: thyroid, mast cell, soft tissue sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the mandibular branch of CN V (trigeminal) provide?

A

sensation and taste to rostral 2/3 of tongue

17
Q

what is marsupialization?

A

an adjunct for ranulas: slow resorption

18
Q

who usually get perineal hernias?

A

intact male dogs

19
Q

what can cause an animal to strain and therefore cause a perianal hernia?

A

prostatic disease: BPH, abscess, adenocarcinoma, peri-prostatic cyst
intrapelvic lipoma
UTI/diarrhea/constipation
cats with megacolon

20
Q

where are steroid hormones produced?

A

adrenal cortex
gonads

21
Q

what is benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by?

A

dihydrotestosterone

22
Q

what is perioperative care for a perianal hernia?

A

abdominal ultrasound
relieve urinary obstruction if present
antibiotics
avoid enemas
start stool softeners

23
Q

why should you perform an abdominal ultrasound prior to surgery for a perianal hernia?

A

look for reason to strain/pelvic obstruction
assess prostate
locate bladder

24
Q

what is done in surgery for a perianal hernia?

A

castration
internal obturator muscle transposition
+/- prostatic biopsy
+/- cystopexy/colopexy