Salivary Mucoceles and Perineal Hernias Flashcards
what are the clinical signs of a salivary mucocele?
soft, fluctuant, non-painful cervical swelling
ranula: blood-tinged saliva
pharyngeal mucocele: dyspnea, dysphagia
how can you treat a salivary mucocele?
remove offending salivary glands
can be done bilaterally
+/- resection of redundant skin
what is the usual cause of a cervical abscess?
chewing sticks
what is a perineal hernia?
herniation of abdominal contents through pelvic diaphragm
what can herniate in a perineal hernia?
fat
urinary bladder
prostate
colon
what is present in most cases of perineal hernia?
a reason for straining
what are steroid hormones synthesized from?
cholesterol
what do steroid hormones bind to?
steroid hormone receptors
what are the clinical signs of perineal hernias?
tenesmus
dyschezia
perineal swelling
urinary obstruction is rare, even if bladder is herniated
what are the potential complications of perineal hernia surgery?
infection
temporary incontinence
rectal prolapse
sciatic nerve entrapment
recurrence: <5%
are salivary mucoceles more common in dogs or cats?
dogs
which dogs have increased incidence of salivary mucoceles?
poodles
german shepherd dogs
dachshunds
toy breeds
what is the most common etiology of a salivary mucocele?
disruption of mandibular/sublingual gland salivary duct
what are the sites of salivary mucoceles?
cervical/subcutaneous: most common
sublingual
pharyngeal
less: periorbital, cheek/below ear
what are the rule-outs for a salivary mucocele?
cervical abscess
tumor: thyroid, mast cell, soft tissue sarcoma
what does the mandibular branch of CN V (trigeminal) provide?
sensation and taste to rostral 2/3 of tongue
what is marsupialization?
an adjunct for ranulas: slow resorption
who usually get perineal hernias?
intact male dogs
what can cause an animal to strain and therefore cause a perianal hernia?
prostatic disease: BPH, abscess, adenocarcinoma, peri-prostatic cyst
intrapelvic lipoma
UTI/diarrhea/constipation
cats with megacolon
where are steroid hormones produced?
adrenal cortex
gonads
what is benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by?
dihydrotestosterone
what is perioperative care for a perianal hernia?
abdominal ultrasound
relieve urinary obstruction if present
antibiotics
avoid enemas
start stool softeners
why should you perform an abdominal ultrasound prior to surgery for a perianal hernia?
look for reason to strain/pelvic obstruction
assess prostate
locate bladder
what is done in surgery for a perianal hernia?
castration
internal obturator muscle transposition
+/- prostatic biopsy
+/- cystopexy/colopexy
