Fungal Disease Flashcards
what should make you consider a fungal disease?
geographic location
systemic illness, fever, lymphadenopathy
where is Blastomyces dermatidis usually found?
midwest
what is the treatment of choice for Blastomycosis?
itraconazole
maybe steroids if severe lung disease
where is Histoplasma capsulatum found?
midwest and central states
what are the presenting complaints for Histoplasmosis?
anorexia, weight loss
cough or dyspnea if respiratory form
diarrhea if gastrointestinal form
fever
hepatosplenomegaly
how can you identify Histoplasmosis?
fine needle aspiration cytology
sample abnormal tissues
bone marrow in cat
rectal scraping in dog
how is Histoplasmosis treated?
itraconazole treatment of choice
where is Coccidioides immitis found?
desert southwest
how can you treat Coccidioidomycosis?
treat if disease is recognized
fluconazole or itraconazole
how is Cryptococcosis diagnosed with serology?
detects capsular antigen
how is Cryptococcosis treated?
cat: fluconazole
dog: itraconazole or fluconazole
what are the agents of fungal disease?
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiomycosis/Cryptococcosis
how is amphotericin B administered?
intravenous (subcutaneous?) antifungal
what are the side effects of amphotericin B?
nephrotoxicity is main and limiting
phlebitis
fever
vomiting
anorexia
hypokalemia
what are the main azole antifungal agents?
ketoconazole
itraconazole
fluconazole
what are the side effects of the azole antifungal agents?
anorexia
vomiting
hepatotoxicity
cutaneous vasculitis
why do chitin synthesis inhibitors work as antifungal agents?
chitin is important to fungal cell wall
ineffective in more recent studies
what diagnostics are used for fungal disease?
direct observation
antibody tests
antigen tests
PCR tests
what are the presenting complaints with Blastomycosis?
anorexia
cough
lameness
skin lesions
fever
lymphadenopathy
how can you diagnose Blastomycosis?
fine needle aspirate cytology
thoracic radiographs
no fungal culture
serology: antibody or antigen titer
what does Blastomycosis look like on histology?
budding yeast with a broad base
what is the prognosis of Blastomycosis?
75% cure if survive first week
how can you diagnose Histoplasmosis?
identify organism: on slide
thoracic radiographs
serology: antigen
no culture
what is Histoplasmosis identified as?
single or multiple yeast cells usually within cells of mononuclear phagocyte system
what is the prognosis of Histoplasmosis?
guarded if debilitated, gastrointestinal form
fair to good if only pulmonary
what are the presenting complaints of Coccidioidomycosis?
often asymptomatic or mild respiratory
skin lesions
lymphadenopathy
dyspnea
lameness
ocular disease
how can you diagnose Coccidioidomycosis?
can be difficult
thoracic radiographs
skeletal radiographs
serology: antibody not antigen (not sensitive)
what is Coccidioidomycosis identified as?
large round, double-walled structures called spherules
what is the prognosis of Coccidioidomycosis?
guarded if severe signs
what is the agents of Cryptococcosis?
Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii
what are important vectors of Cryptococcosis?
pigeons
what are the clinical signs of Cryptococcosis?
upper respiratory
cutaneous
CNS
how can you diagnose Cryptococcosis?
identify cytologically
serology: antigen
what is Cryptococcosis recognized as?
yeast with large capsule
how can you treat Cryptococcosis?
cat: fluconazole
dog: itraconazole or fluconazole
when is the prognosis of Cryptococcosis guarded?
disseminated or CNS disease
is luferuron used for fungal diseases?
no
