Fungal Disease

Question 1

what should make you consider a fungal disease?

Answer 1

geographic location
systemic illness, fever, lymphadenopathy

Question 2

where is Blastomyces dermatidis usually found?

Answer 2

midwest

Question 3

what is the treatment of choice for Blastomycosis?

Answer 3

itraconazole
maybe steroids if severe lung disease

Question 4

where is Histoplasma capsulatum found?

Answer 4

midwest and central states

Question 5

what are the presenting complaints for Histoplasmosis?

Answer 5

anorexia, weight loss
cough or dyspnea if respiratory form
diarrhea if gastrointestinal form
fever
hepatosplenomegaly

Question 6

how can you identify Histoplasmosis?

Answer 6

fine needle aspiration cytology
sample abnormal tissues
bone marrow in cat
rectal scraping in dog

Question 7

how is Histoplasmosis treated?

Answer 7

itraconazole treatment of choice

Question 8

where is Coccidioides immitis found?

Answer 8

desert southwest

Question 9

how can you treat Coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 9

treat if disease is recognized
fluconazole or itraconazole

Question 10

how is Cryptococcosis diagnosed with serology?

Answer 10

detects capsular antigen

Question 11

how is Cryptococcosis treated?

Answer 11

cat: fluconazole
dog: itraconazole or fluconazole

Question 12

what are the agents of fungal disease?

Answer 12

Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiomycosis/Cryptococcosis

Question 13

how is amphotericin B administered?

Answer 13

intravenous (subcutaneous?) antifungal

Question 14

what are the side effects of amphotericin B?

Answer 14

nephrotoxicity is main and limiting
phlebitis
fever
vomiting
anorexia
hypokalemia

Question 15

what are the main azole antifungal agents?

Answer 15

ketoconazole
itraconazole
fluconazole

Question 16

what are the side effects of the azole antifungal agents?

Answer 16

anorexia
vomiting
hepatotoxicity
cutaneous vasculitis

Question 17

why do chitin synthesis inhibitors work as antifungal agents?

Answer 17

chitin is important to fungal cell wall
ineffective in more recent studies

Question 18

what diagnostics are used for fungal disease?

Answer 18

direct observation
antibody tests
antigen tests
PCR tests

Question 19

what are the presenting complaints with Blastomycosis?

Answer 19

anorexia
cough
lameness
skin lesions
fever
lymphadenopathy

Question 20

how can you diagnose Blastomycosis?

Answer 20

fine needle aspirate cytology
thoracic radiographs
no fungal culture
serology: antibody or antigen titer

Question 21

what does Blastomycosis look like on histology?

Answer 21

budding yeast with a broad base

Question 22

what is the prognosis of Blastomycosis?

Answer 22

75% cure if survive first week

Question 23

how can you diagnose Histoplasmosis?

Answer 23

identify organism: on slide
thoracic radiographs
serology: antigen
no culture

Question 24

what is Histoplasmosis identified as?

Answer 24

single or multiple yeast cells usually within cells of mononuclear phagocyte system

Question 25

what is the prognosis of Histoplasmosis?

Answer 25

guarded if debilitated, gastrointestinal form fair to good if only pulmonary

Question 26

what are the presenting complaints of Coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 26

often asymptomatic or mild respiratory skin lesions lymphadenopathy dyspnea lameness ocular disease

Question 27

how can you diagnose Coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 27

can be difficult thoracic radiographs skeletal radiographs serology: antibody not antigen (not sensitive)

Question 28

what is Coccidioidomycosis identified as?

Answer 28

large round, double-walled structures called spherules

Question 29

what is the prognosis of Coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 29

guarded if severe signs

Question 30

what is the agents of Cryptococcosis?

Answer 30

Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii

Question 31

what are important vectors of Cryptococcosis?

Answer 31

pigeons

Question 32

what are the clinical signs of Cryptococcosis?

Answer 32

upper respiratory cutaneous CNS

Question 33

how can you diagnose Cryptococcosis?

Answer 33

identify cytologically serology: antigen

Question 34

what is Cryptococcosis recognized as?

Answer 34

yeast with large capsule

Question 35

how can you treat Cryptococcosis?

Answer 35

cat: fluconazole dog: itraconazole or fluconazole

Question 36

when is the prognosis of Cryptococcosis guarded?

Answer 36

disseminated or CNS disease

Question 37

is luferuron used for fungal diseases?

Answer 37

no