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A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery > Fungal Disease > Flashcards

Fungal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what should make you consider a fungal disease?

A

geographic location
systemic illness, fever, lymphadenopathy

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2
Q

where is Blastomyces dermatidis usually found?

A

midwest

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3
Q

what is the treatment of choice for Blastomycosis?

A

itraconazole
maybe steroids if severe lung disease

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4
Q

where is Histoplasma capsulatum found?

A

midwest and central states

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5
Q

what are the presenting complaints for Histoplasmosis?

A

anorexia, weight loss
cough or dyspnea if respiratory form
diarrhea if gastrointestinal form
fever
hepatosplenomegaly

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6
Q

how can you identify Histoplasmosis?

A

fine needle aspiration cytology
sample abnormal tissues
bone marrow in cat
rectal scraping in dog

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7
Q

how is Histoplasmosis treated?

A

itraconazole treatment of choice

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8
Q

where is Coccidioides immitis found?

A

desert southwest

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9
Q

how can you treat Coccidioidomycosis?

A

treat if disease is recognized
fluconazole or itraconazole

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10
Q

how is Cryptococcosis diagnosed with serology?

A

detects capsular antigen

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11
Q

how is Cryptococcosis treated?

A

cat: fluconazole
dog: itraconazole or fluconazole

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12
Q

what are the agents of fungal disease?

A

Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiomycosis/Cryptococcosis

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13
Q

how is amphotericin B administered?

A

intravenous (subcutaneous?) antifungal

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14
Q

what are the side effects of amphotericin B?

A

nephrotoxicity is main and limiting
phlebitis
fever
vomiting
anorexia
hypokalemia

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15
Q

what are the main azole antifungal agents?

A

ketoconazole
itraconazole
fluconazole

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16
Q

what are the side effects of the azole antifungal agents?

A

anorexia
vomiting
hepatotoxicity
cutaneous vasculitis

17
Q

why do chitin synthesis inhibitors work as antifungal agents?

A

chitin is important to fungal cell wall
ineffective in more recent studies

18
Q

what diagnostics are used for fungal disease?

A

direct observation
antibody tests
antigen tests
PCR tests

19
Q

what are the presenting complaints with Blastomycosis?

A

anorexia
cough
lameness
skin lesions
fever
lymphadenopathy

20
Q

how can you diagnose Blastomycosis?

A

fine needle aspirate cytology
thoracic radiographs
no fungal culture
serology: antibody or antigen titer

21
Q

what does Blastomycosis look like on histology?

A

budding yeast with a broad base

22
Q

what is the prognosis of Blastomycosis?

A

75% cure if survive first week

23
Q

how can you diagnose Histoplasmosis?

A

identify organism: on slide
thoracic radiographs
serology: antigen
no culture

24
Q

what is Histoplasmosis identified as?

A

single or multiple yeast cells usually within cells of mononuclear phagocyte system

25
Q

what is the prognosis of Histoplasmosis?

A

guarded if debilitated, gastrointestinal form
fair to good if only pulmonary

26
Q

what are the presenting complaints of Coccidioidomycosis?

A

often asymptomatic or mild respiratory
skin lesions
lymphadenopathy
dyspnea
lameness
ocular disease

27
Q

how can you diagnose Coccidioidomycosis?

A

can be difficult
thoracic radiographs
skeletal radiographs
serology: antibody not antigen (not sensitive)

28
Q

what is Coccidioidomycosis identified as?

A

large round, double-walled structures called spherules

29
Q

what is the prognosis of Coccidioidomycosis?

A

guarded if severe signs

30
Q

what is the agents of Cryptococcosis?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii

31
Q

what are important vectors of Cryptococcosis?

A

pigeons

32
Q

what are the clinical signs of Cryptococcosis?

A

upper respiratory
cutaneous
CNS

33
Q

how can you diagnose Cryptococcosis?

A

identify cytologically
serology: antigen

34
Q

what is Cryptococcosis recognized as?

A

yeast with large capsule

35
Q

how can you treat Cryptococcosis?

A

cat: fluconazole
dog: itraconazole or fluconazole

36
Q

when is the prognosis of Cryptococcosis guarded?

A

disseminated or CNS disease

37
Q

is luferuron used for fungal diseases?

A

no

A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (71 decks)

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