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A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery > Feline Retroviruses > Flashcards

Feline Retroviruses Flashcards

1
Q

what does feline leukemia virus do with DNA?

A

copies- provirus- are inserted randomly into host genome

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1
Q

what are the FeLV major protein groups?

A

gag
pol
env

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2
Q

what is important about gag protein p27 of FeLV?

A

abundant in cytoplasm and plasma of infected cats
used for most diagnostic tests

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3
Q

what are almost all cats with FeLV originally infected by?

A

FeLV-A

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4
Q

why is prevalence of FeLV decreasing?

A

vaccination
testing/separation

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5
Q

which FeLV subgroup increases the frequency of neoplasia in a cat?

A

FeLV-B

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6
Q

how is the virus shed from viremic cats?

A

constantly: same amount whether they are sick or healthy

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7
Q

what happens about 3 weeks after infection in progressive infection?

A

bone marrow starts producing infected neutrophils and platelets

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8
Q

can a regressive infection convert into a progressive state with FeLV?

A

yes- pregnancy, immunosuppression

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9
Q

what disease conditions are associated with FeLV infection?

A

bone marrow disorders
neoplasia
immunosuppression
immune-mediated disease

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10
Q

what are FeLV bone marrow disorders associated with?

A

progressive infection

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11
Q

how much more likely are FeLV cats with progressive infection to develop lymphoma than cats without FeLV?

A

60x

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12
Q

what is one of the main causes of death in FeLV cats?

A

infection secondary to immunosuppression

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13
Q

what are the FeLV associated immune mediated diseases?

A

glomerulonephritis
uveitis
polyarthritis

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14
Q

when should you test for FeLV?

A

kitten
sick
about to be adopted/rehomed
at risk of eexposure
“unknown” status

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15
Q

what is the most common screening test for FeLV?

A

ELISA

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16
Q

what does the ELISA for FeLV detect?

A

viral antigens: gap protein p27 in plasma

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17
Q

what does it mean that the IFA for FeLV is highly specific?

A

positive result is highly reliable

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18
Q

what can be used to test for regressive FeLV infection?

A

provirus PCR

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19
Q

what are the FeLV alternative therapies?

A

lymphocyte T cell immune modulator
AZT: reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feline interferon omega

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20
Q

what are the FeLV vaccine options?

A

inactivated adjuvanted FeLV vaccine
nonadjuvanted recombinant FeLV vaccine

21
Q

what is FIV?

A

enveloped RNA virus
family retroviridae
genus lentivirus

22
Q

what does FIV do?

A

infects CD4+ helper T cells and macrophages and destroys them
decreased cell-mediated immunity

23
Q

who is at highest risk for FIV?

A

intact adult male outdoor cats

24
Q

how is FIV transmitted?

A

primary: bite wounds (shed in saliva)
blood transfusions
vertical transmission not likely

25
Q

what is FIV pathogenesis characterized by?

A

long period of clinical latency

26
Q

what type of virus is feline leukemia virus?

A

enveloped RNA
retroviridae of gammareetrovirus

27
Q

how does feline leukemia virus infect cells?

A

reverse transcribes RNA into DNA in cells
cell divides resulting in daughter cells with provirus

28
Q

what is the env protein gp70 of feline leukemia virus used for?

A

vaccine

29
Q

what do FeLV test kits detect?

A

all 4 subgroups of FeLV

30
Q

what does FeLV-C cause?

A

erythroid hypoplasia and therefore severe anemia

31
Q

how is FeLV transmitted?

A

vertical: embryonic death, stillbirth, viremic kittens fading
horizonta

32
Q

what are the three outcomes of FeLV pathogenesis?

A

progressive: 30-40%
regressive: 30-40%
abortive: 20-30%

33
Q

what is the most common neoplasia associated with FeLV infection?

A

thymic lymphoma

34
Q

what do bone marrow disorders associated with FeLV look like?

A

anemia: pure red cell aplasia
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia

35
Q

is the ELISA for FeLV more likely to have false negatives or false positives?

A

false positives
negative result is highly reliable

36
Q

what types of infection can a cat have with a positive FeLV PCR?

A

regressive
progressive
not abortive

37
Q

what should you avoid giving cats with FeLV?

A

glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants

38
Q

what does the FeLV vaccine prevent?

A

progressive infection
not regressive infection

39
Q

who is most susceptible to FeLV?

A

kittens

40
Q

is FeLV or FIV more contagious?

A

FeLV
also higher morbidity

41
Q

where does FIV replicate first?

A

lymphocytes and macrophages

42
Q

what are the three phases of FIV?

A

acute
subclinical
terminal

43
Q

how long can cats remain subclinical for FIV?

A

several years, maybe entire lives
subclinical phase: T cell numbers rebound

44
Q

what is terminal FIV like?

A

neoplastic
opportunistic infections
myelosuppression
neurologic disease

45
Q

what are the FIV disease syndromes?

A

severe stomatitis
neurologic signs
uveitis
chronic diarrhea

46
Q

what is the ELISA for FIV used to detect?

A

antibodies ro p24 core protein and sometimes to the gp40 transmembrane protein

47
Q

can serologic tests distinguish between maternal antibodies or vaccine for FIV and FIV infection?

A

yes: anigen FIV/FeLV and witness FeLV-FIV

48
Q

how can you treat FIV?

A

steroids?
reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feline interferon omega
lymphocyte T cell immune modulator

49
Q

does the lifespan of FIV infected cats differ from those not infected?

A

not really

50
Q

if a cat tests positive for FIV on the ELISA, what should you do?

A

confirm with western blot
retest in 6 months

A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (51 decks)

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