Adrenal Disease- A Tail of Two Puppies Flashcards
what does a slow heart rate with ventricular beats mean?
escape rhythm- ventricular escapes
cortisol ___________ rules out addison’s disease on an ACTH stimulation test
> 2 ug/dL
what can you do for hyperkalemia?
fluids
calcium gluconate
dextrose/insulin
beta-two agonists
bicarbonate- last resort
correct underlying cause
why do we give calcium gluconate for hyperkalemia?
calcium is cardioprotective: increases threshold potential
it does not lower the potassium: we need to give something else for that
what usually causes hypoadrenocorticism?
immune-mediated: destruction of both glomerulosa and fasciculata
what does thee glomerulosa produce?
mineralocorticoids
what does cortisol do?
maintains normal GI barrier
stimulates gluconeogenesis, antagonizes insulin
immunomodulatory
sensitizes vasculature to catecholamines
what is a major differential for acute kidney failure?
hypoadrenocorticism
elevated kidney values and low USG
what does a deficiency of aldosterone cause?
decreased sodium
increased potassium
how can you treat hypoadrenocorticism?
replace cortisol: prednisone
replace aldosterone: DOCP, fludrocortisoe
rehydrate
watch for GI bleeding
why should you correct low sodium slowly?
if too fast, will pull water out of the brain
what do nova scotia duck terriers have a predisposition for?
addison’s disease
are addisonian dogs usually deficient in both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids?
yes, not always
what is atypical addison’s?
pure glucocorticoid deficiency
what does a glucocorticoid deficiency cause?
GI signs
hypoglycemia
lethargy
