Nutritional Management of Urinary Disease Flashcards
what are the recommendations for FLUTD/FIC?
water
stress management
enrichment
what are the goals of nutritional management for urolithiasis?
make stones less likely to form
decrease urine specific gravity
decrease dietary precursors
+/- urine pH (depends on stone)
RSS testing (oxalate and struvite)
what is the most important nutrient for urinary problems?
water
are veterinary urinary diets in non-therapeutic/veterinary diets?
no
what does activity product or RSS (relative super-saturation) predict?
likelihood of crystal/stone formation
which stones can be dissolved?
struvite
urate
if you are not successful in dissolving a struvite or urate stone what should you do?
revisit diet history
might not be struvite or urate alone
might not have cleared UTI
can you feed diets meant for dissolving stones for a long time?
no: only a few weeks
what are struvite stones in dogs associated with?
usually with infection
is dietary prevention recommended for struvite stones in dogs?
rarely- prevent UTIs is the primary goal
is dietary prevention recommended for struvite stones in cats?
yes:
RSS tested diets
water
acidic urine pH <6.2
can calcium oxalate stones be dissolved?
no
is recurrence of calcium oxalate stones common?
yes
what should you avoid in the diet for prevention of calcium oxalate stones?
treats/supplements high in calcium/oxalate/vitamin C
what is the goal for the urinary specific gravity for prevention of calcium oxalate stones?
dogs <1.020
cats <1.025
what are the two causes of urate stones?
genetic defect: reduced uricase activity
liver disease: hyperammonemia, hyperuricemia
what are the goals with primary hyperuricosuria?
reduce dietary purines
reduce USG
increase urine pH>7
how can you reduce dietary purines?
avoid organ meats, fish, shellfish, yeast
plant proteins, egg, dairy good
what can lead to secondary hyperuricosuria?
liver shunts
which stone should you neuter an animal if it has them?
cystine
what should you reduce in the diet of a dog with cystine stones?
methionine
cystine
for dissolution of struvite stones, what is the goal of the USG?
dogs <1.020
cats <1.025
what dietary prevention is recommended for struvite stones in cats?
RSS tested diets
water
acidic urine pH <6.2
what is the most soluble pH for calcium oxalate stones?
> 7
pH not primary factor
what does allopurinol do?
blocks xanthine oxidase
can lead to xanthine stones
dissolve urate stones
how should you change the diet of a dog with cystine stones?
reduce dietary methionine and cystine
alkalinize urine
which stones should you not change the pH of the urine for?
calcium oxalate
which stones cannot be prevented with a diet in dogs?
struvite
which stones can be prevented in cats through diet?
struvite
calcium oxalate
urate
cystine
