Gastrointestinal Disease: Vomiting Flashcards
when should you take radiographs for acute vomiting?
obstructive disease or foreign body suspected
what systemic non-gastrointestinal diseases can cause acute vomiting?
renal failure
hepatic failure
infectious
hypoadrenocorticism
electrolyte changes
neurological disease
diabetic ketoacidosis
what are the clinical signs of canine pancreatitis?
acute vomiting
anorexia, depression
dehydration
abdominal pain
shock
fever
large bowel diarrhea
dyspnea
what complications of canine pancreatitis are associated with non-survival?
prolonged anorexia
extrahepatic bile duct obstruction
thrombosis/DIC
hyperglycemia
hypoalbuminemia
what are the clinical signs of feline pancreatitis?
vague
lethargy and anorexia
only 1/3 have vomiting
icterus
abdominal pain
what are the causes of gastrointestinal ulceration?
drugs
chronic hepatic disease
hypoadrenocorticism
ischemia
chronic renal disease
paraneoplastic
inflammatory bowel disease
neoplasia
exercise induced
what is seen on ultrasound to indicate IBD?
thickened walls
mucosal speckles
mildly enlarged lymph nodes
what is leimyosarcoma like?
dogs
malignant, locally invasive, in pyloric antrum
can have prolonged survival with resection
what concurrent diseases can occur with canine chronic pancreatitis?
diabete mellitus
hypothyroid
hepatobiliary
reactive hepatitis
what are the common causes of acute small bowel diarrhea?
parasitic
dietary indiscretion
toxins
drugs
infectious
acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome
what would be the likely causes of vomiting in a young animal?
foreign body
parasites
viral
what would be the likely causes of vomiting in an old animal?
systemic disease
neoplasia
what should you do for acute vomiting that is likely self-limiting (diagnostics)?
fecal
+/- PCV, TS, electrolytes, lactate, BUN, creatinine
abdominal radiographs if obstructive disease or foreign body suspected
what are some primary gastrointestinal diseases that cause acute vomiting?
dietary indiscretion
infectious
toxic
drug induced
ulceration
pancreatitis
constipation- cats
neoplasia
obstructive/foreign body
what endocrine diseases can cause canine pancreatitis?
hyperadrenocorticism
diabetes mellitus
what in the pancreas can cause canine pancreatitis?
pancreatic ischemia or trauma
pancreatic duct obstruction
what is seen on a biochemistry profile in canine pancreatitis?
increased amylase, lipase, cholesterol, liver enzymes, bilirubin
decreased calcium
what is seen on ultrasound with canine pancreatitis?
enlarged hypoechoic pancreas surrounded by bright hyperechoic fat
abdominal effusion
when should you use antibiotics in canine pancreatitis?
persistent fever
abnormal WBC +/- left shift
septic abdominal tap
pancreatic abscess
shocky
hypoglycemia
what are the etiologies of feline pancreatitis?
idiopathic
idiopathic hepatic lipidosis
trauma
toxic
infectious: toxoplasma, FIP, liver flukes
inflammatory: concurrent intestinal and/or hepatic disease is “triaditis”
what portions of the gastrointestinal tract can you reach with an endoscope?
stomach
duodenum
colon
ileum in some
what is leiomyosarcoma in the stomach like?
dogs: malignant, invasive locally, in pyloric antrum
can have prolonged survival with resection
what is lymphosarcoma like in the stomach?
older cats: weight loss, anemia, ultrasound thickening or mass lesion, most large cell
older dogs: not usually confined to stomach
what percentage of ultrasound of canine chronic pancreatitis is normal?
50%
how can you treat feline chronic pancreatitis?
appetite stimulants
low fat diet
pain medications
corticosteroids: triaditis
