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A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery > Transfusion Medicine > Flashcards

Transfusion Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

does giving blood or oxygen have a greater impact on oxygen content?

A

blood

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2
Q

what does increasing stroke volume lead to?

A

higher systolic pressure
greater pulse pressure difference: bounding femoral pulses

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3
Q

what are the two forms in which blood carries oxygen?

A

dissolved
bound to oxyhemoglobin

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4
Q

when is fresh whole blood used?

A

directly after collection: 8-12 hours

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5
Q

does stored whole blood have advantages over red cells and plasma?

A

no

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6
Q

what is contained in packed red blood cells?

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
nonviable platelets

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7
Q

how long does fresh frozen plasma contain all of the procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins, von willebrands factor, albumin, globulin, and electrolytes?

A

a year

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8
Q

what are the indications for plasma?

A

coagulopathy
resuscitation in trauma
hypoproteinemia
stabilization of endothelial glycocalyx

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9
Q

what does prolonged storage of plasma lead to?

A

loss of factor V and VIII

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10
Q

what is cryoprecipitate rich in?

A

von willebrands factor
factor VIII
factor XIII
fibrinogen
fibronectin

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11
Q

what are the uses of cryoprecipitate?

A

hemophilia A
von willebrands factor deficiency
fibrinogen defect

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12
Q

what is the in vivo half life of platelet rich plasma and platelet concentrate?

A

about 4 days

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13
Q

which dog blood types are most antigenic?

A

DEA 1.1 and 1.2

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14
Q

what blood type are most dogs?

A

DEA 1 negative

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15
Q

what percentage of dogs are dal positive?

A

93%

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16
Q

what blood types do cats have?

A

A
B
AB

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17
Q

what happens in neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats?

A

type A drink colostrum containing anti-A alloautibodies from their type B queen

18
Q

what is mik?

A

additional feline blood group
mik antigen

19
Q

what does crossmatching detect?

A

incompatibilities between donor and recipient

20
Q

what does older blood have more of?

A

free iron
free hemoglobin
ammonia
cytokines
microparticles

21
Q

what vitals and bloodwork values should make you think about doing a transfusion?

A

tachycardia
tachypnea
weak pulses
hypotension
hyperlactatemia
PCV: patient dependent

22
Q

what are the clinical signs of allergic reactions?

A

vomiting
urticaria
pruritus

23
Q

what causes transfusion-related acute lung injury?

A

white blood cells from donor react with white blood cells from recipient
inflammatory mediators during storage

24
Q

what is the response of the heart to anemia?

A

increase cardiac output
increase heart rate and stroke volume

25
Q

what is the formula for oxygen carried in blood?

A

(Hb x % saturation x 1.34) + (PaO2 x 0.003)

26
Q

how long can whole blood be stored?

A

35 days

27
Q

when are platelets lost in whole blood?

A

2-4 hours

28
Q

what is the shelf life of packed red blood cells?

A

42 days max

29
Q

when does fresh frozen plasma need to be frozen?

A

within 8 hours

30
Q

when might plasma be used for hypoproteinemia?

A

very small dogs

31
Q

can plasma be used to stabilize the endothelial glycocalyx?

A

yes: sepsis, SIRS, high volume resuscitation

32
Q

is frozen plasma good for vitamin K toxicity?

A

yes
not other specific procoagulant proteins

33
Q

what is the in vivo half life of platelets in most products?

A

4 days
2 days if frozen

34
Q

what is the minimum albumin for adequate oncotic function?

A

> 2.0 g/dL
TP >3.5 g/dL

35
Q

how much albumin is intravascular?

A

30-40%

36
Q

how should you test for crossmatching with an IMHA patient with auto-agglutination?

A

wash red blood cells of patient
choose DEA 1.1 negative
use freshest blood

37
Q

what is added to blood for donation?

A

citrate: anticoagulant
phosphate: buffer
dextrose: ATP generation
adenine: substrate for RBC synthesis of ATP

38
Q

what does the volume of a blood transfusion in a dog depend on?

A

body weight of patient

39
Q

what are the categories of transfusion reactions?

A

immunologic
non-immunologic

40
Q

what is febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

immune reaction against donor white blood cells, platelets, cytokines
pause transfusion and start at lower rate

41
Q

what type of reaction is acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

type II hypersensitivity
complement mediated

42
Q

what are the clinical signs of transfusion related acute lung injury?

A

sudden respiratory distress
noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
absence of fluid overload

A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (46 decks)

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