Transfusion Medicine

Question 1

does giving blood or oxygen have a greater impact on oxygen content?

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

what does increasing stroke volume lead to?

Answer 2

higher systolic pressure
greater pulse pressure difference: bounding femoral pulses

Question 3

what are the two forms in which blood carries oxygen?

Answer 3

dissolved
bound to oxyhemoglobin

Question 4

when is fresh whole blood used?

Answer 4

directly after collection: 8-12 hours

Question 5

does stored whole blood have advantages over red cells and plasma?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

what is contained in packed red blood cells?

Answer 6

red blood cells
white blood cells
nonviable platelets

Question 7

how long does fresh frozen plasma contain all of the procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins, von willebrands factor, albumin, globulin, and electrolytes?

Answer 7

a year

Question 8

what are the indications for plasma?

Answer 8

coagulopathy
resuscitation in trauma
hypoproteinemia
stabilization of endothelial glycocalyx

Question 9

what does prolonged storage of plasma lead to?

Answer 9

loss of factor V and VIII

Question 10

what is cryoprecipitate rich in?

Answer 10

von willebrands factor
factor VIII
factor XIII
fibrinogen
fibronectin

Question 11

what are the uses of cryoprecipitate?

Answer 11

hemophilia A
von willebrands factor deficiency
fibrinogen defect

Question 12

what is the in vivo half life of platelet rich plasma and platelet concentrate?

Answer 12

about 4 days

Question 13

which dog blood types are most antigenic?

Answer 13

DEA 1.1 and 1.2

Question 14

what blood type are most dogs?

Answer 14

DEA 1 negative

Question 15

what percentage of dogs are dal positive?

Answer 15

93%

Question 16

what blood types do cats have?

Answer 16

A
B
AB

Question 17

what happens in neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats?

Answer 17

type A drink colostrum containing anti-A alloautibodies from their type B queen

Question 18

what is mik?

Answer 18

additional feline blood group
mik antigen

Question 19

what does crossmatching detect?

Answer 19

incompatibilities between donor and recipient

Question 20

what does older blood have more of?

Answer 20

free iron
free hemoglobin
ammonia
cytokines
microparticles

Question 21

what vitals and bloodwork values should make you think about doing a transfusion?

Answer 21

tachycardia
tachypnea
weak pulses
hypotension
hyperlactatemia
PCV: patient dependent

Question 22

what are the clinical signs of allergic reactions?

Answer 22

vomiting
urticaria
pruritus

Question 23

what causes transfusion-related acute lung injury?

Answer 23

white blood cells from donor react with white blood cells from recipient
inflammatory mediators during storage

Question 24

what is the response of the heart to anemia?

Answer 24

increase cardiac output
increase heart rate and stroke volume

Question 25

what is the formula for oxygen carried in blood?

Answer 25

(Hb x % saturation x 1.34) + (PaO2 x 0.003)

Question 26

how long can whole blood be stored?

Answer 26

35 days

Question 27

when are platelets lost in whole blood?

Answer 27

2-4 hours

Question 28

what is the shelf life of packed red blood cells?

Answer 28

42 days max

Question 29

when does fresh frozen plasma need to be frozen?

Answer 29

within 8 hours

Question 30

when might plasma be used for hypoproteinemia?

Answer 30

very small dogs

Question 31

can plasma be used to stabilize the endothelial glycocalyx?

Answer 31

yes: sepsis, SIRS, high volume resuscitation

Question 32

is frozen plasma good for vitamin K toxicity?

Answer 32

yes not other specific procoagulant proteins

Question 33

what is the in vivo half life of platelets in most products?

Answer 33

4 days 2 days if frozen

Question 34

what is the minimum albumin for adequate oncotic function?

Answer 34

>2.0 g/dL TP >3.5 g/dL

Question 35

how much albumin is intravascular?

Answer 35

30-40%

Question 36

how should you test for crossmatching with an IMHA patient with auto-agglutination?

Answer 36

wash red blood cells of patient choose DEA 1.1 negative use freshest blood

Question 37

what is added to blood for donation?

Answer 37

citrate: anticoagulant phosphate: buffer dextrose: ATP generation adenine: substrate for RBC synthesis of ATP

Question 38

what does the volume of a blood transfusion in a dog depend on?

Answer 38

body weight of patient

Question 39

what are the categories of transfusion reactions?

Answer 39

immunologic non-immunologic

Question 40

what is febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?

Answer 40

immune reaction against donor white blood cells, platelets, cytokines pause transfusion and start at lower rate

Question 41

what type of reaction is acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Answer 41

type II hypersensitivity complement mediated

Question 42

what are the clinical signs of transfusion related acute lung injury?

Answer 42

sudden respiratory distress noncardiogenic pulmonary edema absence of fluid overload