Gastrointestinal Disease: Diarrhea

Question 1

how can you use dietary management for small bowel diarrhea?

Answer 1

NPO first 6-12 hours
easily digestible, moderate fat restriction

Question 2

how can you use dietary management for large bowel diarrhea?

Answer 2

high fiber

Question 3

what drugs can you give for acute large bowel diarrhea?

Answer 3

treat parasites if needed
sulfasalazine
probiotics
antibiotics rarely

Question 4

when is imaging of patients with acute diarrhea useful?

Answer 4

usually unrewarding unless other clinical signs or abnormal GI palpation

Question 5

how are roundworms transmitted?

Answer 5

ingestion of eggs
transplacental
transmammary

Question 6

how are hookworms transmitted?

Answer 6

fecal-oral
transplacental
transmammary
skin penetration

Question 7

how are whipworms transmitted?

Answer 7

ingestion of eggs

Question 8

how are coccidia transmitted?

Answer 8

ingestion of spores

Question 9

how are tapeworms transmitted?

Answer 9

ingestion of intermediate host

Question 10

how is giardia transmitted?

Answer 10

ingestion of cysts

Question 11

how is feline tritrichomonas transmitted?

Answer 11

fecal-oral

Question 12

what are the two syndromes of canine parvovirus?

Answer 12

hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
acute myocarditis

Question 13

in which breeds is canine parvovirus more severe?

Answer 13

dobermans
rottweilers
pitbulls

Question 14

what are the complications of canine parvovirus?

Answer 14

intussusception
sepsis
adynamic ileus

Question 15

what is the pathophysiology of Clostridial perfringens?

Answer 15

enterotoxin produced by spore

Question 16

what are the clinical signs of salmonellosis?

Answer 16

asymptomatic
acute enterocolitis
acute septicemia
chronic diarrhea

Question 17

in who is AHDS/HGE common?

Answer 17

small breeds
young adults

Question 18

what is seen on bloodwork with AHDS/HGE?

Answer 18

hemoconcentration: PCV>60%
inflammatory leukogram

Question 19

in whom is granulomatous enteritis most common?

Answer 19

young frenchie, bulldog

Question 20

who commonly has food responsive diarrhea?

Answer 20

younger dogs
milder signs

Question 21

how can you treat granulomatous enteritis?

Answer 21

8 week course of fluoroquinolones
best based on culture and sensitivity

Question 22

how can you diagnose exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer 22

serum TLI after a 12 hour fast

Question 23

how can you treat exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer 23

pancreatic enzyme supplement
antibiotics for dysbiosis
parenteral vitamin B12
diet changes

Question 24

what is the most common sign of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cats?

Answer 24

weight loss

Question 25

what is inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 25

idiopathic inflammatory disorder

Question 26

how is inflammatory bowel disease characterized?

Answer 26

by predominant cell type on histology

Question 27

what are the advantages of using an endoscope to get gastrointestinal biopsies?

Answer 27

multiple biopsies noninvasive

Question 28

what drugs can be used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 28

immunomodulatory agents: corticosteroids, cyclosporine, mycophenolate

Question 29

what is triaditis in cats?

Answer 29

inflammatory bowel disease with pancreatitis/cholangitis

Question 30

what is protein losing enteropathy in dogs?

Answer 30

clinical syndrome that can accompany many small intestinal diseases marked by panhypoproteinemia

Question 31

what is the signalment of lymphosarcoma (large cell)?

Answer 31

middle age to older most cats FeLV negative

Question 32

what are the clinical signs of lymphosarcoma?

Answer 32

chronic vomiting/diarrhea weight loss gastrointestinal obstruction extra-intestinal disease

Question 33

what is obstipation?

Answer 33

unable to defecate

Question 34

what are some functional obstructions?

Answer 34

neurologic dysfunction electrolyte abnormalities drugs dehydration

Question 35

what are the clinical signs of constipation/obstipation?

Answer 35

tenesmus dyschezia vomiting- cats

Question 36

are there associated signs other than diarrhea with large bowel diarrhea?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

what can cause acute small bowel diarrhea?

Answer 37

parasites: rounds, hook, coccidia, giardia dietary indiscretion toxins drugs infectious acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome

Question 38

what is the minimum database for acute self-limiting diarrhea?

Answer 38

direct fecal smear fecal cytology fecal flotation +/- giardia elisa +/- PCV, TS, iSTAT or NOVA

Question 39

how can you use dietary management for large bowel acute diarrhea?

Answer 39

high fiber

Question 40

what drugs can be given to treat acute small and large bowel diarrhea?

Answer 40

small: loperamide and bismuth subsalicylate large: sulfasalazine probiotics for both

Question 41

what should you test cats for in life threatening acute diarrhea?

Answer 41

FeLV FIV

Question 42

what are the clinical signs of roundworms?

Answer 42

small bowel diarrhea unthrifty vomiting

Question 43

what are public health concerns of roundworms and hookworms?

Answer 43

roundworms: visceral larval migrans hookworms: cutaneous larval migrans

Question 44

what are the clinical signs of hookworms?

Answer 44

anemia small bowel diarrhea

Question 45

what are the clinical signs of whipworms?

Answer 45

large bowel diarrhea

Question 46

what are the clinical signs of coccidia?

Answer 46

subclinical mild small or large bowel diarrhea in young animals

Question 47

what are the clinical signs of tapeworms?

Answer 47

rarely pathogenic anal pruritus owner sees proglottids

Question 48

is giardia zoonotic?

Answer 48

maybe

Question 49

how can you treat for feline tritrichomonas?

Answer 49

ronidazole

Question 50

what is seen on laboratory testing with canine parvovirus?

Answer 50

leukopenia hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia hypoalbuminemia hypoglycemia metabolic acidosis

Question 51

what are the clinical signs of Clostridal perfringens?

Answer 51

large bowel, small bowel, or mixed

Question 52

who is predisposed to salmonellosis?

Answer 52

"stressed" raw diets

Question 53

what is the pathophysiology of Campylobacteriosis?

Answer 53

enterotoxin

Question 54

what can cause both large and small bowel chronic diarrhea?

Answer 54

parasites food responsive infectious inflammatory bowel disease neoplasia

Question 55

what should you do for a dog with only chronic diarrhea (no other signs)?

Answer 55

therapeutic deworming dietary trials antibiotic trials

Question 56

what is responsive to antibiotics for chronic diarrhea with no other signs?

Answer 56

dysbiosis infectious diseases

Question 57

what are the clinical signs of granulomatous enteritis in dogs?

Answer 57

chronic large to mixed bowel diarrhea weight loss

Question 58

which breeds are predisposed to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer 58

german shepherd rough coated collie chows

Question 59

what is the most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cats?

Answer 59

chronic pancreatitis

Question 60

how can you treat exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cats?

Answer 60

enzyme replacement B12 injections +/- antibiotics

Question 61

for what would you need a biopsy to get a diagnosis for chronic diarrhea in a dog?

Answer 61

inflammatory bowel disease large cell lymphoma lymphangiectasia infectious: fungal, granulomatous enteritis

Question 62

what are the clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 62

chronic vomiting and/or diarrhea signs wax and wane weight loss peripheral edema or ascites

Question 63

how long does an animal need to GI signs for for it to potentially have inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 63

>3 weeks

Question 64

which breeds are predisposed to lymphangiectasia?

Answer 64

yorkies soft coated wheaten terriers

Question 65

what can be seen on imaging with lymphosarcoma/large cell?

Answer 65

GI mass diffuse or multifocal thickening of intestine with loss of layering associated lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly muscularis thickening- cats

Question 66

what could cause a functional obstruction leading to constipation/obstipation?

Answer 66

neurologic dysfunction electrolyte abnormalities drugs dehydration