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A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery > Gastrointestinal Disease: Diarrhea > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Disease: Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

how can you use dietary management for small bowel diarrhea?

A

NPO first 6-12 hours
easily digestible, moderate fat restriction

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2
Q

how can you use dietary management for large bowel diarrhea?

A

high fiber

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3
Q

what drugs can you give for acute large bowel diarrhea?

A

treat parasites if needed
sulfasalazine
probiotics
antibiotics rarely

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4
Q

when is imaging of patients with acute diarrhea useful?

A

usually unrewarding unless other clinical signs or abnormal GI palpation

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5
Q

how are roundworms transmitted?

A

ingestion of eggs
transplacental
transmammary

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6
Q

how are hookworms transmitted?

A

fecal-oral
transplacental
transmammary
skin penetration

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7
Q

how are whipworms transmitted?

A

ingestion of eggs

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8
Q

how are coccidia transmitted?

A

ingestion of spores

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9
Q

how are tapeworms transmitted?

A

ingestion of intermediate host

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10
Q

how is giardia transmitted?

A

ingestion of cysts

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11
Q

how is feline tritrichomonas transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

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12
Q

what are the two syndromes of canine parvovirus?

A

hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
acute myocarditis

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13
Q

in which breeds is canine parvovirus more severe?

A

dobermans
rottweilers
pitbulls

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14
Q

what are the complications of canine parvovirus?

A

intussusception
sepsis
adynamic ileus

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15
Q

what is the pathophysiology of Clostridial perfringens?

A

enterotoxin produced by spore

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16
Q

what are the clinical signs of salmonellosis?

A

asymptomatic
acute enterocolitis
acute septicemia
chronic diarrhea

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17
Q

in who is AHDS/HGE common?

A

small breeds
young adults

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18
Q

what is seen on bloodwork with AHDS/HGE?

A

hemoconcentration: PCV>60%
inflammatory leukogram

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19
Q

in whom is granulomatous enteritis most common?

A

young frenchie, bulldog

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20
Q

who commonly has food responsive diarrhea?

A

younger dogs
milder signs

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21
Q

how can you treat granulomatous enteritis?

A

8 week course of fluoroquinolones
best based on culture and sensitivity

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22
Q

how can you diagnose exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A

serum TLI after a 12 hour fast

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23
Q

how can you treat exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A

pancreatic enzyme supplement
antibiotics for dysbiosis
parenteral vitamin B12
diet changes

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24
Q

what is the most common sign of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cats?

A

weight loss

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25
Q

what is inflammatory bowel disease?

A

idiopathic inflammatory disorder

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26
Q

how is inflammatory bowel disease characterized?

A

by predominant cell type on histology

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27
Q

what are the advantages of using an endoscope to get gastrointestinal biopsies?

A

multiple biopsies
noninvasive

28
Q

what drugs can be used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

A

immunomodulatory agents: corticosteroids, cyclosporine, mycophenolate

29
Q

what is triaditis in cats?

A

inflammatory bowel disease with pancreatitis/cholangitis

30
Q

what is protein losing enteropathy in dogs?

A

clinical syndrome that can accompany many small intestinal diseases
marked by panhypoproteinemia

31
Q

what is the signalment of lymphosarcoma (large cell)?

A

middle age to older
most cats FeLV negative

32
Q

what are the clinical signs of lymphosarcoma?

A

chronic vomiting/diarrhea
weight loss
gastrointestinal obstruction
extra-intestinal disease

33
Q

what is obstipation?

A

unable to defecate

34
Q

what are some functional obstructions?

A

neurologic dysfunction
electrolyte abnormalities
drugs
dehydration

35
Q

what are the clinical signs of constipation/obstipation?

A

tenesmus
dyschezia
vomiting- cats

36
Q

are there associated signs other than diarrhea with large bowel diarrhea?

A

no

37
Q

what can cause acute small bowel diarrhea?

A

parasites: rounds, hook, coccidia, giardia
dietary indiscretion
toxins
drugs
infectious
acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome

38
Q

what is the minimum database for acute self-limiting diarrhea?

A

direct fecal smear
fecal cytology
fecal flotation
+/- giardia elisa
+/- PCV, TS, iSTAT or NOVA

39
Q

how can you use dietary management for large bowel acute diarrhea?

A

high fiber

40
Q

what drugs can be given to treat acute small and large bowel diarrhea?

A

small: loperamide and bismuth subsalicylate
large: sulfasalazine
probiotics for both

41
Q

what should you test cats for in life threatening acute diarrhea?

A

FeLV
FIV

42
Q

what are the clinical signs of roundworms?

A

small bowel diarrhea
unthrifty
vomiting

43
Q

what are public health concerns of roundworms and hookworms?

A

roundworms: visceral larval migrans
hookworms: cutaneous larval migrans

44
Q

what are the clinical signs of hookworms?

A

anemia
small bowel diarrhea

45
Q

what are the clinical signs of whipworms?

A

large bowel diarrhea

46
Q

what are the clinical signs of coccidia?

A

subclinical
mild small or large bowel diarrhea in young animals

47
Q

what are the clinical signs of tapeworms?

A

rarely pathogenic
anal pruritus
owner sees proglottids

48
Q

is giardia zoonotic?

A

maybe

49
Q

how can you treat for feline tritrichomonas?

A

ronidazole

50
Q

what is seen on laboratory testing with canine parvovirus?

A

leukopenia
hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia
hypoalbuminemia
hypoglycemia
metabolic acidosis

51
Q

what are the clinical signs of Clostridal perfringens?

A

large bowel, small bowel, or mixed

52
Q

who is predisposed to salmonellosis?

A

“stressed”
raw diets

53
Q

what is the pathophysiology of Campylobacteriosis?

A

enterotoxin

54
Q

what can cause both large and small bowel chronic diarrhea?

A

parasites
food responsive
infectious
inflammatory bowel disease
neoplasia

55
Q

what should you do for a dog with only chronic diarrhea (no other signs)?

A

therapeutic deworming
dietary trials
antibiotic trials

56
Q

what is responsive to antibiotics for chronic diarrhea with no other signs?

A

dysbiosis
infectious diseases

57
Q

what are the clinical signs of granulomatous enteritis in dogs?

A

chronic large to mixed bowel diarrhea
weight loss

58
Q

which breeds are predisposed to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A

german shepherd
rough coated collie
chows

59
Q

what is the most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cats?

A

chronic pancreatitis

60
Q

how can you treat exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cats?

A

enzyme replacement
B12 injections
+/- antibiotics

61
Q

for what would you need a biopsy to get a diagnosis for chronic diarrhea in a dog?

A

inflammatory bowel disease
large cell lymphoma
lymphangiectasia
infectious: fungal, granulomatous enteritis

62
Q

what are the clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease?

A

chronic vomiting and/or diarrhea
signs wax and wane
weight loss
peripheral edema or ascites

63
Q

how long does an animal need to GI signs for for it to potentially have inflammatory bowel disease?

A

> 3 weeks

64
Q

which breeds are predisposed to lymphangiectasia?

A

yorkies
soft coated wheaten terriers

65
Q

what can be seen on imaging with lymphosarcoma/large cell?

A

GI mass
diffuse or multifocal thickening of intestine with loss of layering
associated lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
muscularis thickening- cats

66
Q

what could cause a functional obstruction leading to constipation/obstipation?

A

neurologic dysfunction
electrolyte abnormalities
drugs
dehydration

A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (71 decks)

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