Tick-Borne Diseases Flashcards
what are the Bartonellosis species?
Bartonella henselae
B. clarridgeiae
B. vinsonii subsp berkhoffii
what is Bartonellosis known to cause in dogs?
bacterial endocarditis
what causes rocky mountain spotted fever?
Rickettsia rickettsii
when should you consider rocky mountain spotted fever?
endemic area
seasonal occurrence: spring and summer
fever
clinical signs
how can rocky mountain spotted fever be treated?
doxycycline
enrofloxacin
what are ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis?
rickettsial parasites that form intracytoplasmic inclusions called morulae
what does positive serology of ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis indicate?
exposure, not infection
what can you use to treat ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis?
doxycycline
what is the vector of borreliosis/lyme disease?
Ixodes tick
what are the clinical signs of borreliosis?
fever
lethargy
lameness/swollen joints
how can you diagnose borreliosis?
clinical signs, serology, and response to therapy
when is a response to treatment of borreliosis seen?
within 48 hours
what determines the incidence of infection of tick-borne diseases?
geography of tick vector
lyme nationwide
rocky mountain spotted fever and Ehrlichia canis more common in southern states
what is disease from Bartonellosis like in dogs?
bacterial endocarditis
obscure, rarely diagnosed disease for any other syndrome
what is Bartonellosis like in cats?
symbiotic: many have it, no disease
maybe causes uveitis, stomatitis, chronic rhinitis
what is treatment of Bartonellosis like?
long term
in cats often ineffective at microbiologic cure
only recommended if have clinical symptoms
what should you do about feline Bartonellosis?
do not test
do not treat
control fleas
where is rocky mountain spotted fever most common?
southeastern US
how does rocky mountain spotted fever cause inflammation/vasculitis?
replicates in endothelial cells
what are the clinical signs of rocky mountain spotted fever in a dog?
fever
anorexia
CNS signs
pulmonary disease
integument changes
ocular changes
what can be seen with laboratory testing with rocky mountain spotted fever?
thrombocytopenia: mild to severe
how can you confirm diagnosis of rocky mountain spotted fever?
serologic testing: rising antibody titer
low positive results in MA
what is the prognosis of rocky mountain spotted fever?
rapid response <24 hrs
guarded if severe vascular damage
how are species of Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis divided?
by host cell they infect: monocytic, granulocytic, thrombocytic
which Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis species are monocytic?
Ehrlichia canis
E. chaffeensis
which Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis species are granulocytic?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Ehrlichia eqingii
does Anaplasma phagocytophilum or Ehrlichia canis cause both acute or chronic disease?
Ehrlichia canis
A. phagocytophilum only acute disease
when should you consider Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis?
polyarthritis, especially if thrombocytopenic
thrombocytopenia
non-descript fever
monoclonal gammopathy
lymphocytosis
pancytopenia
how can you diagnose Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis?
morulae may be observed in peripheral blood or synovial fluid
usually suggested by clinical signs and thrombocytopenia
serology to confirm if desired: rising titer
response to therapy supports, if no response excludes
which forms of Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis are difficult to cure?
chronic disease of monocytic forms
what is feline Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis like?
morulae in peripheral blood
fever, anorexia, polyarthropathy, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia
responds to doxycycline
what causes lyme?
Borrelia burgdorferi
what is seen in laboratory testing with Borreliosis?
no specific
synovial fluid neutrophilic inflammation
what does a positive serology of Borreliosis indicate?
exposure, not active disease
how can you treat Borreliosis?
doxycycline
penicillins
