Generalized Lower Motor Neuron Disease

Question 1

what can cause abnormal synaptic transmission?

Answer 1

immune mediated
toxins

Question 2

what are the postural reactions like with generalized lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 2

normal to abnormal

Question 3

where can the lesion be with lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 3

motor neuron
nerve root
nerve
synapse
muscle

Question 4

which nerves can be tested for nerve conduction?

Answer 4

ulnar
radial
peroneal
tibial

Question 5

what is the most important acquired acute generalized lower motor neuron disorder?

Answer 5

geriatric onset of laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy

Question 6

what are the long peripheral nerves?

Answer 6

recurrent laryngeal nerve
sciatic nerve: tibial branch

Question 7

what neoplasias can cause myasthenia gravis?

Answer 7

thymoma
osteosarcoma
anal sac adenocarcinoma

Question 8

what are the early clinical signs of idiopathic distal axonopathy or geriatric onset of laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy?

Answer 8

voice change, clearing throat often
unspecific hind end weakness
difficulty to jump, splaying out

Question 9

is there a causative treatment option for idiopathic distal axonopathy or geriatric onset of laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy?

Answer 9

no- idiopathic origin

Question 10

what are the focal clinical signs of myasthenia gravis?

Answer 10

megaesophagus
facial, pharyngeal, laryngeal weakness

Question 11

is repetitive nerve stimulation reliable for myasthenia gravis?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

what is the fulminate form of myasthenia gravis related with?

Answer 12

thymoma
high mortality

Question 13

what can increase the survival time of myasthenia gravis?

Answer 13

immune suppressive treatment

Question 14

what can you give to improve transmission at the synapse with myasthenia gravis?

Answer 14

pyridostigmine CRI
prednisone
pyridostigmine PO

Question 15

what can you use to diagnose polyradiculoneuritis (coonhound paralysis)?

Answer 15

electrodiagnostics: EMG, nerve conduction

Question 16

what can lead to primary demyelination?

Answer 16

inflammatory
toxins

Question 17

what can lead to abnormal muscle contraction?

Answer 17

myositis
dystrophy

Question 18

what are the most important acquired acute generalized lower motor neurons disorders?

Answer 18

geriatric onset of laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy
myasthenia gravis
idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
botulism
tick paralysis

Question 19

what is the etiology of idiopathic distal axonopathy or geriatric onset of laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy?

Answer 19

disorder of long peripheral nerves
inability to transport metabolites from neurons of spinal cord to peripheral nerve ending via fast transporter system
distal axonopathy with secondary demyelination

Question 20

what is electrodiagnostic testing helpful for with idiopathic distal axonopathy or geriatric onset of laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy?

Answer 20

characterization of nerve dysfunction

Question 21

what antibodies are present in myasthenia gravis?

Answer 21

nicotinic receptor antibodies
striated muscle antibodies sometimes: titin or ryanodine receptor

Question 22

what happens in immune mediated receptor damage in myasthenia gravis?

Answer 22

complement
endocytosis
receptor block

Question 23

what diagnostics can be done for myasthenia gravis?

Answer 23

tensilon test
acetyl choline receptor antibody titers
repetitive nerve stimulation
radiographs/CT

Question 24

how common is muscle weakness with myasthenia gravis?

Answer 24

50%

Question 25

what can you do to neutralize antibodies in myasthenia gravis?

Answer 25

plasmapherisis, plasma exchange, multiple sessions
IgG intravenous

Question 26

what histopathologic changes occur with polyradiculoneuritis?

Answer 26

ventral nerve roots
proximal nerves
nerves distally less affected
infiltration of PMN, macrophages, later lymphocytes
axonal degeneration, demyelination

Question 27

how can you treat polyradiculoneuritis?

Answer 27

supportive care
prednisone
intravenous IgG
plasmaphoresis, plasma exchange
tumor removal if present

Question 28

what is the most important finding of generalize lower motor neuron disease?

Answer 28

decreased or absent spinal reflexes