Thoracic Surgery Flashcards
what is the most common technique of stabilizing a flail chest?
closed technique
what are thoracic wall defects usually due to?
resection of rib neoplasms
where is marlex/polypropylene mesh sutured to for thoracic wall defects?
to internal surface of chest
how old do dogs and cats with pectus excavatum need to be for surgery to work?
<4 months of age
what is pectus excavatum?
intrusion of sternum and costal cartilages into thoracic cavity
what is lung division based on?
primary bronchi
what happens if you remove more than 60% of the lungs?
pulmonary hypertension
how are pulmonary lacerations usually best treated?
thoracic drainage and allowed to seal spontaneously
are primary pulmonary neoplasms usually malignant or benign?
malignant
what are some presenting signs for feline primary pulmonary neoplasia?
lethargy
weight loss
dyspnea
lameness
which dogs are predisposed to lung lobe torsions?
large dogs, deep narrow chests
male pugs <4.5 years
which lung lobes can torse?
right middle lung lobe
left cranial lung lobe
is spontaneous pneumothorax idiopathic?
not considered to be now
which dogs are commonly affected by spontaneous pneumothorax?
large, deep-chested breeds
what is the most common mediastinal neoplasm in the cat?
lymphosarcoma
what is the treatment of lymphosarcoma?
chemotherapeutic agents
non-surgical
when is prognosis of a thymoma in a dog guarded?
invasive or associated with megaesophagus/pneumonia
what is the clinical sign of pericardial effusion?
cardiac tamponade
what is the most common neoplasm causing pericardial effusion?
hemangiosarcoma of the right atrium
what is the long-term prognosis of atrial hemangiosarcoma?
grave
surgery alone 3 months
surgery and chemo 5-7 months
what is the prognosis of benign idiopathic pericardial effusion?
good following pericardectomy
what color is chylothorax fluid?
usually milky white or pink and opaque
what is the most common cause of chylothorax in dogs and cats?
idiopathic
what are the surgical treatments for chylothorax?
ligation of thoracic duct
cysterna chyli ablation
pericardectomy
what is the prognosis for full recovery for chylothorax?
fair to guarded
what are the clinical signs of pyothorax?
respiratory distress
signs of systemic infection
do most dogs require median sternotomy for pyothorax?
yes
