Gastroenterology in Small Animal Medicine

Question 1

what does dysphagia indicate?

Answer 1

oropharyngeal disease

Question 2

what is dysphagia?

Answer 2

food falls from mouth

Question 3

what are the oral causes of dysphagia?

Answer 3

problem with prehension or mastication
voluntary

Question 4

which breeds can have cricopharyngeal achalasia/asynchrony (failure of PES to relax or coordinate with pharyngeal contraction)?

Answer 4

goldens
cocker and springer spaniels
toy breeds

Question 5

which cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?

Answer 5

V
VII
IX
X
XII

Question 6

what can cause dysphagia?

Answer 6

foreign body
extraluminal masss
intraluminal mass
skeletal disease
infectious/inflammatory
neuromuscular disease

Question 7

in which dog breeds is idiopathic megaesophagus common?

Answer 7

fox terrier
miniature schnauzer
german shepherd
great dane
irish setter
labrador
shar pei
dalmatian

Question 8

what are some caustic drugs that can cause regurgitation?

Answer 8

tetracyclines
NSAIDs
clindamycin
biphosphonates

Question 9

what functional esophageal disorders cause regurgitation?

Answer 9

megaesophagus
laryngeal paralysis/GOLPP
young terrier breed

Question 10

in which breeds is congenital megaesophagus inherited?

Answer 10

miniature schnauzer
wire hair terrier

Question 11

are there drugs known to augment esophageal motility?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

what are the etiologies of megaesophagus in cats?

Answer 12

idiopathic
lead toxicity
myasthenia gravis
dysautonomia
esphageal neoplasia/foreign body

Question 13

what causes esophagitis?

Answer 13

gastroesophageal reflux
pill esophagitis
foreign body
improperly placed enteral feeding tubes
hiatal hernia
ingestion of caustic agents- rare

Question 14

what are the complications of an esophageal foreign body?

Answer 14

esophagitis
perforation
stricture
pneumonia

Question 15

how can you treat an esophageal stricture?

Answer 15

balloon catheter dilation

Question 16

what are the clinical signs of dysphagia?

Answer 16

food falls from mouth
hypersalivation
oronasal reflux
repeated attempts to swallow
respiratory signs
cranial nerve signs

Question 17

what should be done for cricopharyngeal achalasia?

Answer 17

surgical myotomy

Question 18

what type of disease is regurgitation?

Answer 18

esophageal disease

Question 19

which breeds are associated with transient esophageal dismotility?

Answer 19

young terriers
gets better with age

Question 20

why are brachycephalics associated with regurgitation?

Answer 20

brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome and gastroesophageal sphincter abnormalities

Question 21

is there bile or digested blood in regurgitation or dysphagia?

Answer 21

no- only vomiting

Question 22

what inflammatory esophageal disorder causes regurgitation?

Answer 22

esophagitis

Question 23

what are thee acquired etiologies of megaesophagus?

Answer 23

myasthenia gravis
idiopathic
polymyopathy
polyneuropathy
hypoadrenocorticism
paraneoplastic
dysautonomia
rare neurologic causes

Question 24

which pills can cause esophagitis?

Answer 24

doxycycline
clindamycin
biphosphonates
NSAIDs

Question 25

how can you treat esophagitis?

Answer 25

NPO if severe
inhibit gastric acid secretion
mucosal cytoprotective agents
increase GES tone

Question 26

how common is an esophageal stricture after an esophageal foreign body?

Answer 26

2-12%

Question 27

what is an intraluminal esophageal stricture from?

Answer 27

sequelae to inflammation or neoplasia

Question 28

what can you treat with after dilation of an esophageal stricture?

Answer 28

topical corticosteroids to prevent rehealing with fibrosis
H2 receptor antagonists
sucralfate slurry
metoclopramide
+/- gastrostomy tube