Gastroenterology in Small Animal Medicine Flashcards
what does dysphagia indicate?
oropharyngeal disease
what is dysphagia?
food falls from mouth
what are the oral causes of dysphagia?
problem with prehension or mastication
voluntary
which breeds can have cricopharyngeal achalasia/asynchrony (failure of PES to relax or coordinate with pharyngeal contraction)?
goldens
cocker and springer spaniels
toy breeds
which cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?
V
VII
IX
X
XII
what can cause dysphagia?
foreign body
extraluminal masss
intraluminal mass
skeletal disease
infectious/inflammatory
neuromuscular disease
in which dog breeds is idiopathic megaesophagus common?
fox terrier
miniature schnauzer
german shepherd
great dane
irish setter
labrador
shar pei
dalmatian
what are some caustic drugs that can cause regurgitation?
tetracyclines
NSAIDs
clindamycin
biphosphonates
what functional esophageal disorders cause regurgitation?
megaesophagus
laryngeal paralysis/GOLPP
young terrier breed
in which breeds is congenital megaesophagus inherited?
miniature schnauzer
wire hair terrier
are there drugs known to augment esophageal motility?
no
what are the etiologies of megaesophagus in cats?
idiopathic
lead toxicity
myasthenia gravis
dysautonomia
esphageal neoplasia/foreign body
what causes esophagitis?
gastroesophageal reflux
pill esophagitis
foreign body
improperly placed enteral feeding tubes
hiatal hernia
ingestion of caustic agents- rare
what are the complications of an esophageal foreign body?
esophagitis
perforation
stricture
pneumonia
how can you treat an esophageal stricture?
balloon catheter dilation
what are the clinical signs of dysphagia?
food falls from mouth
hypersalivation
oronasal reflux
repeated attempts to swallow
respiratory signs
cranial nerve signs
what should be done for cricopharyngeal achalasia?
surgical myotomy
what type of disease is regurgitation?
esophageal disease
which breeds are associated with transient esophageal dismotility?
young terriers
gets better with age
why are brachycephalics associated with regurgitation?
brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome and gastroesophageal sphincter abnormalities
is there bile or digested blood in regurgitation or dysphagia?
no- only vomiting
what inflammatory esophageal disorder causes regurgitation?
esophagitis
what are thee acquired etiologies of megaesophagus?
myasthenia gravis
idiopathic
polymyopathy
polyneuropathy
hypoadrenocorticism
paraneoplastic
dysautonomia
rare neurologic causes
which pills can cause esophagitis?
doxycycline
clindamycin
biphosphonates
NSAIDs
how can you treat esophagitis?
NPO if severe
inhibit gastric acid secretion
mucosal cytoprotective agents
increase GES tone
how common is an esophageal stricture after an esophageal foreign body?
2-12%
what is an intraluminal esophageal stricture from?
sequelae to inflammation or neoplasia
what can you treat with after dilation of an esophageal stricture?
topical corticosteroids to prevent rehealing with fibrosis
H2 receptor antagonists
sucralfate slurry
metoclopramide
+/- gastrostomy tube
