Diseases of the Pituitary Gland (and PU/PD)

Question 1

what are the diabetogenic hormones?

Answer 1

glucagon
growth hormone
cortisol
epinephrine
progesterone- gestational

Question 2

what is acromegaly usually from in dogss?

Answer 2

progesterone causing growth hormone release from the pituitary and mammary glands

Question 3

how can you test for acromegaly?

Answer 3

growth hormone levels
IGF-1 levels
CT or MRI

Question 4

what is polydipsia?

Answer 4

> 100 ml/kg/day

Question 5

what are the causes of primary polyuria?

Answer 5

central diabetes insipidus
primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 6

what is central diabetes insipidus?

Answer 6

lack of production of ADH by the hypothalamus, or release by posterior pituitary

Question 7

what can cause ADH interference?

Answer 7

hyperadrenocorticism
E. coli pyometra/UTI

Question 8

how can you measure GFR?

Answer 8

creatinine clearance
nuclear scintigraphy
iohexol clearance

Question 9

when should you conclude a modified water deprivation test?

Answer 9

concentrated urinee
patient becomes dehydrated/azotemic/ill
serum osmolality > 320 mOsm/kg
3-5% body weight lost

Question 10

what can cause insulin resistance?

Answer 10

estrus or pregnancy
infection
hyperthyroidism
hyperadrenocorticism
acromegaly
poor absorption of insulin

Question 11

what is acromegaly usually from in cats?

Answer 11

growth hormone secreting pituitary tumor

Question 12

what endogenous things can cause progesterone leading to growth hormone release in dogs?

Answer 12

diestrus
gestation

Question 13

how can you diagnose acromegaly?

Answer 13

clinical signs
history of progesterone use
insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus
tests

Question 14

how can you treat acromegaly in cats?

Answer 14

megavoltage radiation therapy
surgical hypophysectomy
lots of insulin
octreotide acetate, pasireotide

Question 15

what is polyuria?

Answer 15

> 50 mL/kg/day

Question 16

what can cause primary polyuria?

Answer 16

central diabetes insipidus
primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 17

what can lead to failure of the tubules to respond to ADH?

Answer 17

osmotic diuresis
ADH interference
loss of medullary concentration gradient
conditions affecting aquaporin 2

Question 18

what is the “standard” workup for pu/pd?

Answer 18

cbc
chem
ua
urine culture
T4
testing hyperadrenocorticism

Question 19

how can you measure GFR?

Answer 19

creatinine clearance
nuclear scintigraphy
iohexol clearance

Question 20

what type of water deprivation test can you perform?

Answer 20

gradual water deprivation test

Question 21

what result in exogenous ADH test is consistent with central diabetes insipidus?

Answer 21

dramatic reduction in water intake and increase in urine specific gravity

Question 22

what are the results in the urine is not concentrated after an exogenous ADH test?

Answer 22

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
medullary washout

Question 23

can you cure central diabetes insipidus?

Answer 23

no- free access to water at all times

Question 24

what can you give for central diabetes insipidus?

Answer 24

synthetic ADH: desmopressin

Question 25

how do animals get primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Answer 25

congenital

Question 26

how can you treat primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Answer 26

thiazide diuretics: increase NaCl excretion, results ECV depletion, inhibits thirst center
low salt, low protein diet