Nutritional Management of Cardiac Disease

Question 1

what are the nutritional goals in heart disease?

Answer 1

optimal body condition
prevent deficiencies
prevent excesses
nutritional pharmacology

Question 2

what are the negative effects of cachexia?

Answer 2

decreased strength
decreased immune function
decreased wound healing
decreased survival

Question 3

what are the mechanisms of cardiac cachexia?

Answer 3

reduced calorie and protein intake
inflammatory mediators: tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, others

Question 4

what is dysrexia?

Answer 4

abnormal patterns of food intake in acute or chronic disease

Question 5

what can you feed to modulate cytokine production?

Answer 5

fish oil- omega3 fatty acids

Question 6

what should you do for sodium restriction in an asymptomatic dog or cat with heart disease?

Answer 6

avoid high sodium

Question 7

when should you worry about hyperkalemia?

Answer 7

potassium sparing diuretics: spironolactone
ACE inhibitors

Question 8

what can cats get from a taurine deficiency?

Answer 8

retinal lesions
DCM

Question 9

should you measure taurine levels in all dogs and cats with DCM?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

what is L-carnitine important in?

Answer 10

fatty acid metabolism
energy production
role in dilated cardiomyopathy