Unit 8 Lesson 2 Cultural Changes in the Late 1800s Flashcards
What was the gilded Age
the cultural impact that technological, social, and economic changes had on the generation of people living in the late 1800s. This time period was known as the Gilded Age
What were the gilded ages all about
It was an era of U.S. history from the 1870s through the 1900s characterized by political corruption and extremes of wealth and poverty.
What was one of the mos timportant changes during the gilded age
One important change in this time period occurred in the roles of middle-class women.
What were middle-class women expected to do
Middle-class women were expected to be good homemakers and housewives. They were supposed to take pride in creating a positive home space for their children and working husbands.
What was the middle-class faimly of the late 19th century like
The middle-class family of the late nineteenth century largely accepted the separation of men and women that had first emerged in the pre-Civil War years. The husband earned money for the family outside of the home. The wife oversaw domestic chores, raised the children, and tended to the family’s spiritual, social, and cultural needs.
What were maginzes targeted to women durig the gilded age
It was at this time that the magazines Ladies’ Home Journal and Good Housekeeping were first published.
What was the impact of good housekeeping
Good Housekeeping, in particular, capitalized on the middle-class woman. As the title suggests, it focused on maintaining a beautiful home.
What was the impact of The Ladies’ Home Journal
The Ladies’ Home Journal was a popular magazine that reinforced the values of this time period.
What were most middle class women doing
While most middle-class women took on the expected roles of housewife and homemaker
What was a small percentage of women doing
some women were finding paths to college
What were a small percentage of men-s colleges doing in the mid-1800s
A small number of men’s colleges began to allow women in the mid-1800s, which meant that women and men were in the same classrooms.
What college opened during the time men coleges opened their doors to women
But more importantly, the first women’s colleges opened at this time. hey opened their doors between 1865 and 1880
Waht did these women colleges offer to women
enrollment was low (initial class sizes were under one hundred), opportunities for higher education, and even a career, began to emerge for young women. These schools offered an all-woman environment in which professors and a community of young women came together.
What did most college-educated young women do
While most college-educated young women still married, their education offered them new opportunities to work outside the home.
What did some college-educated people do/What kinds of careers did women of this time period typically have?
They worked as teachers, professors, or in settlement houses created by Jane Addams and others.
What was a factor that contributed to the rise of enrollment in public school
With the income of the middle class rising, their children could attend public school rather than work as factory laborers.
How much did enrollment in public school increase in the years 1870-1920
Enrollment in public school tripled in the years 1870 to 1920.
What role did the governemnt have in the growth of learning and enrollemnt
In addition, the federal government supported higher education by setting aside public land and money to create affordable colleges. These funds were authorized by the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890.
What were the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890.
These were called land-grant colleges because each state was granted a specific amount of land for each of its congressional seats
What did Land-grant colleges offer
Land-grant colleges offered courses and degrees useful in business professions, such as law and medicine. There were also courses in trades, commerce, industry, and agriculture
What was the first state to accpet the condions of the first Morril Act
Iowa became the first state to accept the conditions of the first Morrill Act, creating what later became Iowa State University.
Land-grant colleges’ affordability and greater accessibility led to increased enrollment. Elaborate
from 50,000 students nationwide in 1870 to over 600,000 students by 1920
What were some kinda of colleges that came from the Morril Act
These included 17 majority African-American colleges and 30 Native American colleges.
What was the purpose of the second Morill Act
The second Morrill Act (1890) began sending funds on a regular basis to support these schools.
Why did public school attendance increase in the late 1800s?
The change from small workshops and home work to large-scale factory work created a demand for a more skilled workforce. Middle-class children were able to attend public school instead of having to work to support their families.
What help did the federal government provide for affordable colleges?
The federal government passed the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890, which set aside land and money to build land-grant colleges.
When did people start to shop in great numners
the late 1800s
What led to the increase of department stores
As more products moved from home production and small shops into industrial factories, the distribution of those products increasingly fell into the control of department stores.
When did separtment stores start apperaing
During the 1880s and 1890s, department stores appeared with increasing frequency in most major U.S. cities
How were department stores different from the small shops people used to shop at
Rather than offering a limited number of bulk goods in unappealing surroundings, department stores provided a wide variety of goods in colorful settings that made the shopping experience more entertaining and enjoyable
consumers going to new stores developed what
As consumers flocked to these exciting new stores to buy similar items, a mass culture built around common consumption began to develop.
What kinds of stores existed before the department store?
In addition to utilitarian general stores, small stores throughout the city filled specific basic needs, such as for clothes, cutlery, or bed linens.
How did the department store contribute to the creation of mass culture?
Consumers shopping from the same store, were more likely to buy the same types of products, thus producing a mass culture of fashion.
Where we Kate Chopin’s stories lcoated
This story first appeared in Vogue magazine in 1894. Although it is a work of fiction, it reflects the authentic feelings and attitudes of people in this time.
What was realism and why was it used
Realism was a movement in which artists and writers focused on everyday topics with accuracy and detail. Writers portrayed social realities to bring attention to issues that needed to be reformed.
Who was Jacob Riis
realist photographer Jacob Riis
In 1890, realist photographer Jacob Riis published his book How the Other Half Lives. What was this book about
, exposing the dismal and dangerous living conditions in working-class tenements in New York City. Riis felt strongly that upper- and middle-class Americans should care about the poor.
What was the impact of Kate Chopin’s 1899 novel
The main character in Kate Chopin’s 1899 novel, The Awakening, didn’t want to abide by society’s expectations for how a woman should behave. Chopin wrote realistically about a woman’s experience, and her novel is recognized as an early contribution to the feminist movement.
Who was Paul Laurence Dunbar
Paul Laurence Dunbar was the first writer to use African American dialect in his works.
What was Dunbar’s poetry about
Dunbar’s poetry depicted the real-life struggles African Americans experienced after slavery.
Why did Dunbar use dialect in his work
He used dialect, the way words sound when spoken, to infuse his writing with realism.
What is realism and why was it embraced by artists of this time period?
Realism is the representation of real life in art and literature rather than an idealized fiction. It was embraced by artists of this time period because they wanted to shed light on the struggles of urban people.
Why was Kate Chopin’s work important?
Kate Chopin’s work was important because it captured the struggles of women and exposed the reality of racism.
What did Paul Laurence Dunbar’s writings highlight?
Paul Laurence Dunbar’s writings highlighted racial issues using descriptive stories of successes and struggles in the lives of African Americans.
Who were some influntial critqers
. Although less popular than Twain, authors such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Thorstein Veblen were also influential in their critiques
What did Twain, Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Thorstein Veblen have in common
While their critiques were quite distinct from each other, all three believed that the industrial age was a step in the wrong direction for the country.
What novel did Edward Bellamy write in 1888
In the 1888 novel, Looking Backward: 2000–1887, Edward Bellamy portrays a utopian America in the year 2000.
What does looking bakward 2000-1887 describe
He described the country living in peace and harmony after abandoning the capitalist model and moving to a socialist state.
What did Bellamy predict in his book
In the book, Bellamy predicts the advent of credit cards, cable entertainment, and super-store cooperatives that resemble a modern-day Walmart®.
What kind of people did Bellamy’s book appeal to
appealed to those who felt the industrial age of big business was sending the country in the wrong direction.
What book did Henrey George write. what was it about
writer Henry George, an economist best known for his 1879 work Progress and Poverty, which criticized the inequality found in an industrial economy.
What did Henery George belive
He suggested that, while people should own what they create, all land and natural resources should belong to all equally. He argued they should be taxed through a “single land tax” in order to discourage private land ownership.
Who did Henergy Groeate inflince
His thoughts influenced many economic progressive reformers, as well as the creation of the popular board game, Monopoly.
What book did Thorestein Velben write
Thorstein Veblen, who lamented in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899
What was the Thoery of the leisure class (1899) about
that capitalism created a middle class more preoccupied with its own comfort and consuming goods than with maximizing production.
What did Belben bleive
. He coined the phrase “conspicuous consumption.” Veblen identified how nonproducers exploited the working class that produced goods for their consumption. He argued that this served only to create a greater divide between the haves and have-nots in American society, and resulted in economic inequalities that required correction or reform.
How did Edward Bellamy’s novel, Looking Backward: 2000–1887, picture America in the future?
Bellamy pictured America in a utopian state with people living in peace and harmony. Capitalism was abandoned for socialism.
What did Henry George critique?
Henry George critiqued the industrial economy for creating income inequality.
