Unit 8 Lesson 2 Cultural Changes in the Late 1800s

Question 1

What was the gilded Age

Answer 1

the cultural impact that technological, social, and economic changes had on the generation of people living in the late 1800s. This time period was known as the Gilded Age

Question 2

What were the gilded ages all about

Answer 2

It was an era of U.S. history from the 1870s through the 1900s characterized by political corruption and extremes of wealth and poverty.

Question 3

What was one of the mos timportant changes during the gilded age

Answer 3

One important change in this time period occurred in the roles of middle-class women.

Question 4

What were middle-class women expected to do

Answer 4

Middle-class women were expected to be good homemakers and housewives. They were supposed to take pride in creating a positive home space for their children and working husbands.

Question 5

What was the middle-class faimly of the late 19th century like

Answer 5

The middle-class family of the late nineteenth century largely accepted the separation of men and women that had first emerged in the pre-Civil War years. The husband earned money for the family outside of the home. The wife oversaw domestic chores, raised the children, and tended to the family’s spiritual, social, and cultural needs.

Question 6

What were maginzes targeted to women durig the gilded age

Answer 6

It was at this time that the magazines Ladies’ Home Journal and Good Housekeeping were first published.

Question 7

What was the impact of good housekeeping

Answer 7

Good Housekeeping, in particular, capitalized on the middle-class woman. As the title suggests, it focused on maintaining a beautiful home.

Question 8

What was the impact of The Ladies’ Home Journal

Answer 8

The Ladies’ Home Journal was a popular magazine that reinforced the values of this time period.

Question 9

What were most middle class women doing

Answer 9

While most middle-class women took on the expected roles of housewife and homemaker

Question 10

What was a small percentage of women doing

Answer 10

some women were finding paths to college

Question 11

What were a small percentage of men-s colleges doing in the mid-1800s

Answer 11

A small number of men’s colleges began to allow women in the mid-1800s, which meant that women and men were in the same classrooms.

Question 12

What college opened during the time men coleges opened their doors to women

Answer 12

But more importantly, the first women’s colleges opened at this time. hey opened their doors between 1865 and 1880

Question 13

Waht did these women colleges offer to women

Answer 13

enrollment was low (initial class sizes were under one hundred), opportunities for higher education, and even a career, began to emerge for young women. These schools offered an all-woman environment in which professors and a community of young women came together.

Question 14

What did most college-educated young women do

Answer 14

While most college-educated young women still married, their education offered them new opportunities to work outside the home.

Question 15

What did some college-educated people do/What kinds of careers did women of this time period typically have?

Answer 15

They worked as teachers, professors, or in settlement houses created by Jane Addams and others.

Question 16

What was a factor that contributed to the rise of enrollment in public school

Answer 16

With the income of the middle class rising, their children could attend public school rather than work as factory laborers.

Question 17

How much did enrollment in public school increase in the years 1870-1920

Answer 17

Enrollment in public school tripled in the years 1870 to 1920.

Question 18

What role did the governemnt have in the growth of learning and enrollemnt

Answer 18

In addition, the federal government supported higher education by setting aside public land and money to create affordable colleges. These funds were authorized by the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890.

Question 19

What were the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890.

Answer 19

These were called land-grant colleges because each state was granted a specific amount of land for each of its congressional seats

Question 20

What did Land-grant colleges offer

Answer 20

Land-grant colleges offered courses and degrees useful in business professions, such as law and medicine. There were also courses in trades, commerce, industry, and agriculture

Question 21

What was the first state to accpet the condions of the first Morril Act

Answer 21

Iowa became the first state to accept the conditions of the first Morrill Act, creating what later became Iowa State University.

Question 22

Land-grant colleges’ affordability and greater accessibility led to increased enrollment. Elaborate

Answer 22

from 50,000 students nationwide in 1870 to over 600,000 students by 1920

Question 23

What were some kinda of colleges that came from the Morril Act

Answer 23

These included 17 majority African-American colleges and 30 Native American colleges.

Question 24

What was the purpose of the second Morill Act

Answer 24

The second Morrill Act (1890) began sending funds on a regular basis to support these schools.

Question 25

Why did public school attendance increase in the late 1800s?

Answer 25

The change from small workshops and home work to large-scale factory work created a demand for a more skilled workforce. Middle-class children were able to attend public school instead of having to work to support their families.

Question 26

What help did the federal government provide for affordable colleges?

Answer 26

The federal government passed the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890, which set aside land and money to build land-grant colleges.

Question 27

When did people start to shop in great numners

Answer 27

the late 1800s

Question 28

What led to the increase of department stores

Answer 28

As more products moved from home production and small shops into industrial factories, the distribution of those products increasingly fell into the control of department stores.

Question 29

When did separtment stores start apperaing

Answer 29

During the 1880s and 1890s, department stores appeared with increasing frequency in most major U.S. cities

Question 30

How were department stores different from the small shops people used to shop at

Answer 30

Rather than offering a limited number of bulk goods in unappealing surroundings, department stores provided a wide variety of goods in colorful settings that made the shopping experience more entertaining and enjoyable

Question 31

consumers going to new stores developed what

Answer 31

As consumers flocked to these exciting new stores to buy similar items, a mass culture built around common consumption began to develop.

Question 32

What kinds of stores existed before the department store?

Answer 32

In addition to utilitarian general stores, small stores throughout the city filled specific basic needs, such as for clothes, cutlery, or bed linens.

Question 33

How did the department store contribute to the creation of mass culture?

Answer 33

Consumers shopping from the same store, were more likely to buy the same types of products, thus producing a mass culture of fashion.

Question 34

Where we Kate Chopin’s stories lcoated

Answer 34

This story first appeared in Vogue magazine in 1894. Although it is a work of fiction, it reflects the authentic feelings and attitudes of people in this time.

Question 35

What was realism and why was it used

Answer 35

Realism was a movement in which artists and writers focused on everyday topics with accuracy and detail. Writers portrayed social realities to bring attention to issues that needed to be reformed.

Question 36

Who was Jacob Riis

Answer 36

realist photographer Jacob Riis

Question 37

In 1890, realist photographer Jacob Riis published his book How the Other Half Lives. What was this book about

Answer 37

, exposing the dismal and dangerous living conditions in working-class tenements in New York City. Riis felt strongly that upper- and middle-class Americans should care about the poor.

Question 38

What was the impact of Kate Chopin’s 1899 novel

Answer 38

The main character in Kate Chopin’s 1899 novel, The Awakening, didn’t want to abide by society’s expectations for how a woman should behave. Chopin wrote realistically about a woman’s experience, and her novel is recognized as an early contribution to the feminist movement.

Question 39

Who was Paul Laurence Dunbar

Answer 39

Paul Laurence Dunbar was the first writer to use African American dialect in his works.

Question 40

What was Dunbar’s poetry about

Answer 40

Dunbar’s poetry depicted the real-life struggles African Americans experienced after slavery.

Question 41

Why did Dunbar use dialect in his work

Answer 41

He used dialect, the way words sound when spoken, to infuse his writing with realism.

Question 42

What is realism and why was it embraced by artists of this time period?

Answer 42

Realism is the representation of real life in art and literature rather than an idealized fiction. It was embraced by artists of this time period because they wanted to shed light on the struggles of urban people.

Question 43

Why was Kate Chopin’s work important?

Answer 43

Kate Chopin’s work was important because it captured the struggles of women and exposed the reality of racism.

Question 44

What did Paul Laurence Dunbar’s writings highlight?

Answer 44

Paul Laurence Dunbar’s writings highlighted racial issues using descriptive stories of successes and struggles in the lives of African Americans.

Question 45

Who were some influntial critqers

Answer 45

. Although less popular than Twain, authors such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Thorstein Veblen were also influential in their critiques

Question 46

What did Twain, Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Thorstein Veblen have in common

Answer 46

While their critiques were quite distinct from each other, all three believed that the industrial age was a step in the wrong direction for the country.

Question 47

What novel did Edward Bellamy write in 1888

Answer 47

In the 1888 novel, Looking Backward: 2000–1887, Edward Bellamy portrays a utopian America in the year 2000.

Question 48

What does looking bakward 2000-1887 describe

Answer 48

He described the country living in peace and harmony after abandoning the capitalist model and moving to a socialist state.

Question 49

What did Bellamy predict in his book

Answer 49

In the book, Bellamy predicts the advent of credit cards, cable entertainment, and super-store cooperatives that resemble a modern-day Walmart®.

Question 50

What kind of people did Bellamy’s book appeal to

Answer 50

appealed to those who felt the industrial age of big business was sending the country in the wrong direction.

Question 51

What book did Henrey George write. what was it about

Answer 51

writer Henry George, an economist best known for his 1879 work Progress and Poverty, which criticized the inequality found in an industrial economy.

Question 52

What did Henery George belive

Answer 52

He suggested that, while people should own what they create, all land and natural resources should belong to all equally. He argued they should be taxed through a “single land tax” in order to discourage private land ownership.

Question 53

Who did Henergy Groeate inflince

Answer 53

His thoughts influenced many economic progressive reformers, as well as the creation of the popular board game, Monopoly.

Question 54

What book did Thorestein Velben write

Answer 54

Thorstein Veblen, who lamented in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899

Question 55

What was the Thoery of the leisure class (1899) about

Answer 55

that capitalism created a middle class more preoccupied with its own comfort and consuming goods than with maximizing production.

Question 56

What did Belben bleive

Answer 56

. He coined the phrase “conspicuous consumption.” Veblen identified how nonproducers exploited the working class that produced goods for their consumption. He argued that this served only to create a greater divide between the haves and have-nots in American society, and resulted in economic inequalities that required correction or reform.

Question 57

How did Edward Bellamy’s novel, Looking Backward: 2000–1887, picture America in the future?

Answer 57

Bellamy pictured America in a utopian state with people living in peace and harmony. Capitalism was abandoned for socialism.

Question 58

What did Henry George critique?

Answer 58

Henry George critiqued the industrial economy for creating income inequality.