Unit 11 Lesson 4: More Social Changes Flashcards
The late 1960s and the 1970s saw tremendous growth in the U.S. environmental movement.
Americans became increasingly aware of the ways in which pollution was harming their health and destroying ecosystems. Calls for greater protection of the environment grew louder and louder. These calls led to the passage of numerous environmental laws and to other milestones.
How did Congress respond to incidents like the Love Canal and similar disaters elsewhere in the country
In response to this and similar disasters elsewhere in the country, Congress created what is known as the Superfund
In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act, what was that
In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act with the goal of preventing the extinction of animals in the United States.
In 1978, residents of the Love Canal neighborhood of Niagara Falls, New York, learned that they were being poisoned by toxic chemical waste. Elaborate
It had been dumped decades earlier in the uncompleted canal, on which their homes were later built. Many of the residents suffered serious health problems. The neighborhood had to be abandoned.
In 1972, Congress passed the Clean Water Act. What was the goal of that act and what was passed that same year?
It aimed at restoring and maintaining the health of U.S. rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. That same year, the United States severely restricted use of DDT, a pesticide that has toxic effects on birds, fishes, and other animals.
How did the government respond to the incident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power station
The accident led to sweeping changes in the federal government’s regulation of nuclear power plants.
The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1968
The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, which Congress passed in 1968, established protection for rivers that possess “outstandingly remarkable qualities.”
In 1970, President Richard Nixon established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What did congress pass that same year and what was celebreated for the first time?
That same year, the United States celebrated Earth Day for the first time, and Congress passed the Clean Air Act, which focused on preventing air pollution.
The following year, the United States experienced its worst-ever nuclear power accident. What happened at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island nuclear power station
A reactor at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island nuclear power station partially melted down. Small amounts of radioactive gases were released into the atmosphere. Roughly 140,000 people had to be temporarily evacuated from the area
Superfund
This federal fund helps pay for the cleanup of sites where hazardous waste has been dumped or spilled.
How did the people respond to the incident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power station and what effect did the response have?
It also greatly increased the concern that many Americans felt about nuclear energy. In the following years, construction of new nuclear power plants dropped off sharply because of fierce opposition.
What kind of activism did Three Mile Island spread
Environmental activism increased with protests, lobbying, and a “No Nukes” rock concert at Madison Square Garden.
Three Mile Island—and the activism it inspired—led to major changes in the U.S. nuclear industry.
Operator and inspector training have greatly improved, as have the kinds of equipment used in reactors. This has led to the much safer operation of these plants in the U.S. today.
. However, despite the activism on the West Coast, the most famous event in the history of gay liberation occurred in New York City at the Stonewall Inn, a bar in the Greenwich Village section of the city that served the LGBTQ community. What happened
On June 28, 1969, police raided the bar. As police were about to arrest several customers, a crowd of several hundred people gathered. Angered by the violent tactics that the police used, the crowd began throwing bottles and bricks, and eventually, a riot ensued.
Just as the environmental movement had its start after World War II, numerous other movements, including the Gay Liberation Movement, began in the 1950s. Many LGBTQ rights groups started in Los Angeles or San Francisco. Why is that
Many LGBTQ rights groups started in Los Angeles or San Francisco—cities that were home to military installations where numerous gay men found themselves dishonorably discharged because of their sexual orientation.
Outcome of the Stonewall Uprising
ultimately mobilized the LGBTQ community to organize and demand their rights. It represents the start of the Gay Liberation Movement.
Shortly after the uprising, two important groups were established to protest discrimination such as homophobia and violence against LGBTQ people:
: the Gay Liberation Front and the Gay Activists’ Alliance.
What did the Gay Liberation Front and the Gay Activists’ Alliance do
. These two groups promoted gay liberation and gay pride, encouraged LGBTQ people to “come out” to publicly declare their sexual identity, and became involved in politics.
Kathy Kozachenko
Kathy Kozachenko became the first openly lesbian woman elected to public office in 1974.
Harvey Milk
In 1977, Harvey Milk became the first openly gay man elected to public office in California.
1.
Although many churches labeled homosexuality as a sin, some LGBTQ people identified as members of religious groups. What did Rev. Troy Perry do
. In 1968, Rev. Troy Perry established the Metropolitan Community Church (MCC) as a congregation by and for LGBTQ Community and opened churches all across America.
The counterculture movement that arose in the 1960s was influential in shaping American popular culture and politics. Members of the counterculture were popularly known as
hippies
What did hippies stand for
Hippies urged increased interest in environmentalism. They opposed the war in Vietnam. They also challenged traditional social patterns.
Hippies tried to live and work “outside the system” what does that mean
Hippies tried to live and work “outside the system”—for example, publishing underground newspapers or shopping at co-ops.
communes
s. During the early 1970s, some hippies lived together in communes. Communes were group living environments that emphasized sharing resources and living simply
Woodstock rock music festivel
Concerts provided the opportunity to come together in celebration of youth, rebellion, and individuality. In August 1969, nearly 400,000 people attended the Woodstock rock music festival in Bethel, New York. The crowd saw 32 acts perform during the rainy three-day event. Woodstock became the touchstone of a generation. No other event better symbolized the cultural independence and freedom of Americans coming of age in the late 1960s.
What was one major success of the environmental movement of the 1970s?
The environmental movement led to the passage of important laws to protect the environment, such as the Clean Air Act.
What was one major setback to the environmental movement of the 1970s?
Pollution remained a serious problem. The Love Canal neighborhood was so polluted with nuclear waste that it had to be evacuated.
How did the counterculture have a lasting effect on American society?
The counterculture encouraged the growth of the environmental movement, which remains active today.
