Unit 5 Lesson 3 The Civil War ends Flashcards
How was the war going for the North in 1863
In 1863, the North was winning the war in the western part of the country.
How was Union forces controll on the Missispi
Union forces controlled much of the Mississippi River, except for Vicksburg, Mississippi. A key commercial city on the Mississippi River, Vicksburg was the last Confederate stronghold.
Despite earlier failed attempts, the Union began one final attempt to capture Vicksburg in April of 1863. What was General Grant’s new plan
This time, General Grant planned a siege, a military blockade of a city with the intent of conquering the city by preventing the delivery of food and supplies.
What was the seige like for the Vicksburg residents
Vicksburg residents endured the siege for over a month. They ran out of food and had to hide in caves to protect themselves.
What did Grant achive his objective in Vicksburg
Grant finally achieved his objective on July 4, when the trapped Confederate forces surrendered. The Union succeeded in capturing Vicksburg and splitting the Confederacy.
What was the impact of the Union gaiing control over the mississppi River
The victory inflicted a serious blow to the South’s war effort, giving the Union full control over the Mississippi River. The Union’s control immobilized the South by cutting off the eastern Confederate states from western states.
Why was the Union’s victory at Vicksburg such a significant loss for the Confederates?
The Union’s control of the Mississippi River effectively cut off supply routes between southern and western states.
On July 1, 1863, the two armies met at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where Confederate forces had gone to secure supplies. The resulting battle raged for three days. Who were the 2 leaders
In June 1863, General Lee began to move the Army of Northern Virginia north through Maryland. Under the leadership of General George Meade, the Union Army of the Potomac traveled east to meet the Confederate forces
As Grant and his forces pounded Vicksburg, Confederate strategists devised a bold plan to invade the North. What did Southern leader hope to achive with there plan
Southern leaders hoped this invasion would force the Union to send troops engaged in the Vicksburg campaign back to the East, thus weakening their power over the Mississippi River. They also hoped an aggressive attack would weaken the Union’s morale or urge northern politicians to abandon the war for fear of more fighting on northern soil.
What was the turnign point of the battle of Gettysburg
The turning point came on the third day when Lee ordered a direct assault against the center of the Union lines. Meade’s army waited silently in an effort to lure the Confederates into the open and to hold fire until the enemy was close. Meade’s strategy worked. General George Pickett led the assault which became known as Pickett’s Charge and it was a disaster. The next day, Lee and his forces retreated to Virginia. General Meade did not pursue them. Although Meade achieved his greatest victory by winning this key battle, President Lincoln criticized him for not pursuing the Confederates in their weakened state.
What became apparent to the Union on July 4th?
It became clear that victory would be out of the Confederacy’s reach. The South’s time was coming to an end.
Who histroains blame for the number of casulites form the battle of Gettysburg
Many historians consider the battle a mistake on the part of Robert E. Lee. His plan backfired and the loss was a significant blow to Confederate forces, resources, and morale.
What was the outcome of the Batle of GEttysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg was the deadliest and bloodiest battle ever fought on American soil. More than 7,000 soldiers died fighting for their cause and more than 40,000 were injured or severely wounded.
What was the Gettysburg adress
On November 19, 1863, President Lincoln spoke at the dedication of the cemetery and delivered his now-famous Gettysburg Address.
what did Lincoln state in the GEttsburg adress
The address commemorated the turning point of the war and the soldiers whose sacrifices made it possible. Lincoln spoke about the Founding Fathers and the spirit of the American Revolution. He said the Union soldiers who died at Gettysburg had died not only to preserve the Union, but also to guarantee freedom and equality for all.
What quotes from Lincoln’s address are meant to remind his audience of the democratic ideals on which America was founded?
“all men are created equal” and “government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”
In the final years of the war where was the Union fighting
In the final years of the war, the Union continued fighting on the eastern and western fronts while bringing the war into the Deep South.
. President Lincoln placed General Ulysses S. Grant in charge of all of the Union armies. Why is that
He understood the advantage of having large numbers of soldiers at his disposal and recognized that Union soldiers could be replaced. The Confederates on the other hand, had a smaller population and began to feel the strain of the years of war. Grant relentlessly pushed forward, despite huge losses of soldiers.
In 1864, Grant committed his forces to destroying Lee’s army in Virginia. How did the Battle of the Wilderness in May of 1864
Grant hoped to use his larger army to his advantage, but at the Battle of the Wilderness in May of 1864, Confederate forces stopped Grant’s advance. Neither army won the battle but both suffered great losses.
After the Battle of the Wilderness in May of 1864 what did Grant do
Rather than retreating, Grant pushed forward. At Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor, Grant again faced a determined Confederate resistance and suffered staggering losses. Troop morale soon suffered from the numerous casualties and many in the North began to question the war.
In June of 1864, Grant withdrew from Cold Harbor, what did he do next
In June of 1864, Grant withdrew from Cold Harbor and laid siege to Petersburg, Virginia, a rail center that supplied the Confederate capital of Richmond. His men created miles of trenches and structures to secure their superior weapons and supplies. After nine long months, Lee was forced to withdraw, leaving Richmond undefended. The Union army marched into Richmond on April 3, 1865.
Who did General Grant put in charge of military operations in the Deep South.
William Tecumseh Sherman
What was Shermans war plan
Sherman felt the Union needed to wage war against the Confederacy as a whole, not just the military. He realized that the Confederate forces received most of their supplies from Confederate civilians. The Union had to prevent Southern civilians from supplying the Confederate army. To accomplish this, Sherman engaged in total war, a strategy where an army does not distinguish between military and civilian targets
Sherman advanced slowly from Tennessee into Georgia. He took Atlanta in September of 1864, which boosted the morale of the North. Before leaving the city what did Sherman order to be down
, Sherman ordered railways, clothing, and ammunition factories to be burned. Fires in the city raged out of control. Thousands of buildings, including schools, homes, and hospitals, were completely destroyed. The Union had successfully cut off Atlanta’s vital supply lines that provided Confederate troops with medical supplies, equipment, and ammunition.
How did Sherman’s troops get Savansh to surrder
As they marched towards Savannah, Sherman’s troops destroyed everything that lay in their path. Before he left, Sherman told Grant that he would “make Georgia howl.” Farms, crops, and homes were burned. Sherman’s army scared southern civilians as they looted homes, stole food, and killed livestock. Shortly after Savannah surrendered on December 21, 1864
How was the begninign of the Election of 1964 going for Lincoln
Despite the Union’s military success in 1863, Lincoln’s support among many northern voters plummeted. Many whites did not support racial equality and were upset that African Americans could enlist as soldiers. Northern Democrats criticized Lincoln and the war.
Who were copperheads and what did they belivwe
Republicans labeled these vocal opponents Copperheads, after the poisonous snake that strikes without warning. Even though the Copperheads did not support the Confederates, they resisted the Union draft laws and refused to serve.
How did many view Lincoln
Many viewed Lincoln as a dictator and tried to remove him from power. Other Northerners wanted to end the war and give Southerners their independence.
Who was the democratic candiate General George B McClellan
It seemed to most people in the North that the Democratic candidate, General George B. McClellan, who did not support abolition, would win the election. McClellan’s campaign promised to end the war immediately by recognizing the Confederacy and offering a peace deal.
The tide of the election campaign turned in Lincoln’s favor in the fall of 1864. How
Union victories, including those in Virginia, and Sherman’s capture of Atlanta and his destructive journey to Savannah, eased the North’s hostility toward the war. These successes boosted Lincoln’s popularity and gave confidence to the public that there could be an imminent Confederate surrender.
How did the lection of 1864 go
In November 1864, despite earlier forecasts to the contrary, Lincoln was reelected. He won all but three states—New Jersey, Delaware, and Kentucky.
How did Lincolns second Iaugrual adress go
. Despite four years of bloody fighting, he did not blame the South for the bloodshed; instead, his words were conciliatory, with the hope of restoring national unity.
Lincoln’s call for peace and healing set in motion a series of actions and events in the coming months and years that eventually became known as the Reconstruction Era. His words of intended leniency on the South would be put to the test as he faced strong resistance from those who wanted to continue the fight.
What is one similarity between Lincolns first and second inaugrial adress? Be sure to cite specific text to support your answer.
: Both addresses infer that one side is the aggressor in starting the war. In the first address, Lincoln says, “You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.” In the second address, he states, “but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive”
hat is one difference between the two speeches? Be sure to cite specific text to support your answer.
: Lincoln’s role as president differs in the two speeches. In the first address, he says he has to “preserve, protect, and defend” (the government). Yet in the second, he contends his job is to “bind up the nation’s wounds…to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace…”
What was the confederacy like in the Sprnig of 1865
By the spring of 1865, it was clear to both sides that the Confederacy could not last much longer. Most of its major cities, ports, and industrial centers had been captured
In april of 1865 what was Lee’s plan
In April of 1865, Lee had abandoned both Petersburg and Richmond. His goal was to unite his depleted army with Confederate forces commanded by General Johnston, but Grant effectively cut him off.
When did Lee suredner to Grant
On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia
What was the states of the Confederate army like when Lee surndered
By that time, the Confederacy had less than 35,000 soldiers, while Grant had more than 100,000.
How did the surrder of General Jospeh E go
Meanwhile, Sherman’s army proceeded from Georgia through South Carolina and into North Carolina, using the same tactics he used on his March to the Sea. There, Sherman accepted the surrender of General Joseph E. Johnston and his army on April 26, 1865. The Civil War came to an end.
When did the civil warend
on April 26, 1865. The Civil War came to an end.
How many died in the civil war
A study done in 1889 by two Civil War veterans estimated that approximately 620,000 soldiers died from direct fighting, starvation, disease, and accidents. More recent studies estimate the number to be closer to 850,000. T
How did the war effect woman and childern
Thousands of women were widowed. Children were left without fathers, and many parents were deprived of a source of financial support. In some areas, where local volunteer units had marched off to battle, an entire generation of young women had few potential marriage partners.
What events led to the Confederate surrender?
The North gained momentum in 1864, after the victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg. Sherman’s army successfully cut off supplies to Atlanta and the eventual destruction of the city and everything in the path from Atlanta to Savannah was a serious blow to the Confederates. The Confederates realized they had less than half of the Union’s soldiers and that it would be useless and cruel to continue fighting.
Difference between Lincolns first inaugual adrees and second
Unlike his first inaugural address that was delivered when the nation was on the brink of war, this second address offered hope for restoring national unity.
How did Grant and Sherman differ from earlier generals in their tactics?
: They were willing to fight a large-scale offensive war with large numbers of casualties. Earlier generals, such as McClellan and Meade, tried to fight a more limited war, with fewer casualties.
Why was Lincoln upset about the end of the Battle of Gettysburg?
Meade let the Confederates retreat without pursuit.
What were some major turning points in the war that eventually led to the Confederates’ surrender?
Victories in Vicksburg and Gettysburg were major turning points in the war. Vicksburg gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half. Gettysburg stopped Lee’s final push north and inflicted heavy losses on his army.
