Unit 10 Lesson: The Legacy of the Progressive Era

Question 1

What led to the formation of the Progressive party

Answer 1

Tension between the progressive and conservative factions within the Republican Party led to the rise of a third party. When the Republican Party failed to nominate Roosevelt as the presidential candidate in 1912, he broke away from the party and created his own path. The Progressive Party, also known as the Bull Moose party, was formed by Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 2

The progressive party followed a progressive platform focused on reform in several areas:

Answer 2

• trustbusting
• child labor laws
• women’s suffrage
• workers’ compensation
• social welfare assistance

Question 3

The platform of the party led to support from important Progressives. Elaborate

Answer 3

Jane Addams, a suffragist and social activist, became an important national figure. She publicly supported Roosevelt’s nomination at the Progressive Party convention held in Syracuse, New York.

Question 4

What events led to the development of the Progressive Party?

Answer 4

Tension between the progressive and conservative factions of the Republican Party led to the development of the Progressive Party. Theodore Roosevelt, angry that the Republicans did not nominate him for the presidency, split from the party and established the Progressive Party.

Question 5

What were three reforms the Progressive Party supported?

Answer 5

The Progressive Party supported a number of reforms, including women’s suffrage, child labor laws, and workers’ compensation laws

Question 6

What was the election of 1912 like

Answer 6

Roosevelt was the Progressive Party candidate, Taft was the republican candidate, and Wilson was the democratic candidate. The campaign primarily pitted the charismatic Roosevelt against the scholarly Wilson. Taft was not a serious contender.

Question 7

What as New Nationalsim

Answer 7

New Nationalism was Theodore Roosevelt’s idea that the government should take the lead in protecting human welfare and property rights. He first used the term in a 1910 speech in Kansas.

Question 8

What impact did New Nationalsim have on the progressive PArty

Answer 8

New Nationalism became the platform of the Progressive Party.

Question 9

What did Roosevelt’s New Nationnalsim platform require

Answer 9

Roosevelt’s platform required expanding the power of the federal government. The platform called for regulating industry, providing protections for women and children, and enacting workers’ compensation laws.

Question 10

What kind of governemnt did Roosevelt push for

Answer 10

Roosevelt pushed for an activist government that improved the lives of the less fortunate. He wanted to reduce privilege by focusing on social justice and improving the economic welfare of the needy. The government would intervene to ensure human rights were protected over property rights.

Question 11

What was New Freedom

Answer 11

New Freedom was Wilson’s program to break up trusts and restore American economic competition. Wilson’s platform was more moderate but still considered progressive.

Question 12

What did the New Freedom program call for

Answer 12

It called for a smaller federal government. New Freedom proposed to regulate big business and banks and reduce tariffs. Wilson believed that tariffs favored industrialists over small businesses and farmers. His platform sought to regulate tariffs, big banks, and trusts to level the economic playing field.

Question 13

What allowed the Wilson to win

Answer 13

While Roosevelt was a popular figure, Wilson would ultimately win the election. The split between the progressive and conservative branches of the Republican Party allowed a Democrat to gain the office for the first time since 1896.

Question 14

What were the key elements of New Nationalism?

Answer 14

New Nationalism was the political platform of Theodore Roosevelt. He wanted the federal government to be more active in advocating for social justice and improving the economic welfare of the less fortunate.

Question 15

What were the key elements of New Freedom?

Answer 15

New Freedom was the political platform of Woodrow Wilson. He wanted to regulate tariffs, banks, and trusts to protect small farms and businesses.

Question 16

What was Woodrow Wilson early life like

Answer 16

Woodrow Wilson was an idealist and scholar. He graduated from Princeton University. His early career was in academics. Wilson was a political science professor and then president of Princeton. As he gained a reputation at Princeton, the Democratic Party took notice. He would become governor of New Jersey and eventually be the democratic presidential nominee in 1912.

Question 17

Once he assumed office in March of 1913, Wilson quickly got to work. What were the first thigns he did

Answer 17

He met with Congress to outline his New Freedom policies. He called a special session of Congress to quickly address the tariff issue. Wilson felt that small farmers and businesses were hurt by tariffs. He wanted to restore a competitive market by reducing tariffs and eliminating trusts.

Question 18

What did the Revenue Act of 1913, or the Underwood Tariff do

Answer 18

The special session resulted in the Revenue Act of 1913, or the Underwood Tariff. The act lowered or eliminated many tariffs.

Question 19

Willison hleped pass the Federal REserve Act; what was the importnace of this

Answer 19

Wilson would also help pass the Federal Reserve Act to establish a federal banking system. This act is still the framework for the regulation of banks, credit, and the money supply.

Question 20

What was the Clayton Antitrust Act (Wilson presdinecy)

Answer 20

During his term, the Clayton Antitrust Act was also passed. This act expanded the government’s power to dismantle monopolies and trusts, providing more equal opportunities for all businesses.

Question 21

What was the Adamson Act (Wilson)

Answer 21

Wilson worked to protect the rights of workers. He also signed the Adamson Act of 1916. This act established an eight-hour workday for railroad workers.

Question 22

What was the importance od the Adamson Act of 1916

Answer 22

The act was important because it averted a national railroad strike and ensured workers were paid appropriately for overtime. A strike would have weakened the economy and prevented the production of wartime goods.

Question 23

What progressive legislation was passed during Woodrow Wilson’s presidency?

Answer 23

Wilson helped pass the Federal Reserve Act that established a federal banking system. The Clayton Antitrust Act was also passed. This act expanded the government’s power to bust trusts and monopolies.

Question 24

Why was the 16th amendment made

Answer 24

After the passage of the Revenue Act of 1913, the federal government lost revenue from tariffs. The Sixteenth Amendment, which was ratified in 1909, allowed the federal government to levy and collect tax on income.

Question 25

What was the revenue act

Answer 25

To offset the potential loss of federal revenue, the Revenue Act instituted the federal income tax. This first income tax required married couples who earned $4,000 or more and single people who earned $3,000 or more to pay a one-percent graduated income tax, with the tax rate getting progressively higher for those who earned more.

Question 26

Why was the 17th amdendemnt made

Answer 26

Progressives also pushed for democratic reforms that affected the federal government. In an effort to achieve a fairer representation of state constituencies in the U.S. Congress, they lobbied for approval of the Seventeenth Amendment.

Question 27

What did the 17th amdenemnt do

Answer 27

This amendment replaced the previous system of having the state legislature choose senators and allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators. Two senators would be elected from each state. This amendment placed more power in the hands of the citizens. It was ratified in 1913.

Question 28

What did the 18th amendment do

Answer 28

The Eighteenth Amendment made the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol illegal. It was ratified in 1919.

Question 29

Why was the 18th amendemnt passde

Answer 29

The temperance movement blamed alcohol for social problems such as poverty, violence, and poor health. However, other factors, such as the rapid growth of cities and industries, also contributed to those problems.

Question 30

The Eighteenth Amendment quickly became unpopular with the public. Why was that

Answer 30

Many people felt it was a case of government power intruding on individual rights. The amendment also had unintended consequences. Organized crime took control of liquor production after it became illegal. This led to an increase in violence as rival gangs fought for control of the illegal liquor trade and the police intervened. Some people even got sick or died from drinking tainted illegal liquor.

Question 31

The 18th amdement was repealed by which amdenment

Answer 31

21st in 1933

Question 32

What was the outcome of the 18th amdnet repeal

Answer 32

The amendment’s repeal showed that progressivism could sometimes go too far in its attempts to reshape society. Doing so alienated many voters who might have otherwise supported progressive policies.

Question 33

What does the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment reveal about progressivism?

Answer 33

It showed that when Progressives went too far in their attempt to reshape American society, they risked alienating voters and causing a backlash against progressive policies. It also showed that sometimes progressive policies could lead to unintended negative consequences.

Question 34

Which amendment helped the government replace revenue lost from tariffs?

Answer 34

The Seventeenth Amendment allowed the government to replace revenue lost from tariffs. The amendment allowed the federal government to levy and collect a tax on income.

Question 35

How did progressivism change the Republican Party during the election of 1912?

Answer 35

Theodore Roosevelt was unhappy with the performance of his successor to the presidency, William Howard Taft. He wanted to run for president as the republican nominee. The party did not nominate him and went with Taft. Roosevelt split from the party and established his own party, the Progressive Party. This left a rift within the party that led to Democrats retaking the White House.

Question 36

How were New Nationalism and New Freedom different?

Answer 36

New Nationalism was the platform of the Progressive Party led by Roosevelt. The platform was a more radical form of progressivism calling for labor reform, protections for women and children, and regulation of business. New Freedom, Wilson’s campaign platform, was more moderate. It called for regulating big business and reducing tariffs.

Question 37

What economic reforms were implemented during Wilson’s presidency?

Answer 37

During Wilson’s presidency laws were passed that gave the government more power to regulate monopolies and trusts. Additionally, Wilson was influential in passing laws to reduce tariffs and establish a federal banking system.

Question 38

What is a negative example of progressive reform?

Answer 38

Not all progressive reforms were positive. For example, the Eighteenth Amendment was passed due to the temperance movement. The temperance movement suggested that alcohol was to blame for poverty and violence. This reform did not curb poverty or crime and was eventually repealed.