Unit 10 Lesson 5: Progressive PResidents

Question 1

How popular was Theodore Roosevelt with the people

Answer 1

Theodore Roosevelt was a popular figure in America at the dawn of the twentieth century. Many Americans viewed Roosevelt as an outspoken champion of the people.

Question 2

How did the Republican Party feel about Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 2

Despite his popularity, the Republican Party perceived his bold actions as a threat to the stability of the party

Question 3

What did the REbpulican Party due to limit Roosevelts power

Answer 3

To limit his power, notable Republicans maneuvered to have him nominated as vice president to William McKinley. Though nominally important, the position had little real power, and Roosevelt accepted the nomination only reluctantly. McKinley was reelected, and party members felt certain they had corralled Roosevelt.

Question 4

What happened in the September of 1901

Answer 4

Then, in September of 1901, an assassin killed McKinley.

Question 5

How was Roosevelts presidency

Answer 5

Roosevelt stepped into the office his party had hoped to keep him from and easily won a second term. As president from 1901 to 1909

Question 6

Newly formed megacorporations began dominating marketplaces with high costs for consumers, restricting fair trade. What was Roosvelts respond to this

Answer 6

As a new president, Roosevelt’s initial message to Congress identified a central progressive goal: to eliminate business trusts.

Question 7

Roosevelt was not opposed to all trusts, though. What are good trusts and bad trusts

Answer 7

He supported “good trusts” that used their power to deliver goods and services at affordable rates. He denounced “bad trusts,” or corporations that exploited favorable market positions to achieve short-term goals at the cost of consumers. The delineation between the two was entirely up to Roosevelt’s judgement.

Question 8

What is trustbusing

Answer 8

He is most famous for his reputation as a trustbuster. Trustbusting involves the government dissolving corporate trusts and monopolies.

Question 9

what act initated antitrust legislation and business reform

Answer 9

Using the provisions of the Sherman Antitrust Act, Roosevelt initiated antitrust legislation and business reform.

Question 10

What was the purpose of the Depatment of Commerce

Answer 10

. He created the Department of Commerce and Labor in 1903, which included the Bureau of Corporations, specifically created to investigate trusts.

Question 11

What role did the Department of Justivce play in antitrusting

Answer 11

He also asked the Department of Justice to resume prosecutions under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. Under his leadership, more than two dozen antitrust suits were successfully prosecuted.

Question 12

One of the first trusts Roosevelt sought to bust was the Northern Securities Company. Why is that

Answer 12

This company controlled several major railroads. This allowed it to monopolize railroad travel between Chicago and the Pacific Northwest. Under the president’s direction, the Supreme Court dissolved the monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Question 13

What was the Elkins Act of 1903 (beief)

Answer 13

Another reform aimed at the railroads was the Elkins Act of 1903. This act established standard shipping rates for railroad companies.

Question 14

What other things did Rosevelt infleunence

Answer 14

He also influenced the passage of reforms that improved food safety, labor conditions, and protection of public lands.

Question 15

What is convervation and what role did Rossvelt play int his

Answer 15

Roosevelt was an advocate of conservationism, a political, social, and environmental movement to protect natural resources. This led to the passage of legislation to establish national parks. National parks are historic or scenic tracts of land that are protected and maintained by the U.S. government.

Question 16

1902 Anthracite Coal Strike

Answer 16

Roosevelt worked to resolve a coal strike of the United Mine Workers. Roosevelt threatened to send the army to seize the mines to end the strike, but also ensured workers received a raise and reduced work hours.

Question 17

Elkins Act of 1903

Answer 17

This act ended railroad rate discrimination. The act upheld the railroad rates established by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and outlawed rebates.

Question 18

Hepburn Act of 1906

Answer 18

This act strengthened federal regulation of railroads. It also reinforced the power of the ICC. Roosevelt was a vocal supporter.

Question 19

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Answer 19

This act was one of the first consumer protection acts. The act banned the interstate trafficking of mislabeled food and drugs.

Question 20

Meat Inspection Act of 1906

Answer 20

This act regulated the meatpacking industry. The Department of Agriculture was tasked with inspecting factories to ensure meat was safe for human consumption.

Question 21

Antiquities Act of 1906

Answer 21

This act set aside tracts of public lands with historic, scenic, or scientific interest. As a result, national parks were established.

Question 22

What is conservationism?

Answer 22

Conservatism is as a political, social, and environmental movement to protect natural resources. Conservationist ideals led President Theodore Roosevelt to establish the first national parks.

Question 23

How did Theodore Roosevelt successfully put in place federal regulations?

Answer 23

Roosevelt created the Department of Commerce and Labor and tasked the Bureau of Corporations with investigating trusts.. He encouraged the Department of Justice to continue prosecuting antitrust suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.

Question 24

Who did Roosevelt choose as his successor

Answer 24

At the end of his term, Roosevelt handpicked his successor, William Howard Taft. The men were close friends.

Question 25

What was Taft’s election like

Answer 25

Taft won the Republican Party’s nomination and the presidential election, even though he did not have Roosevelt’s charisma. In spite of these accomplishments, Taft’s presidency would result in a split in the Republican Party.

Question 26

What were something Taft did in his presidency

Answer 26

• Taft broke twice as many trusts in his one term than Roosevelt did in two terms.
• Taft supported the Sixteenth Amendment, paving the way for Congress to levy a federal income tax.
• Taft supported the Seventeenth Amendment, which allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators.
• Taft supported the creation of a Children’s Bureau focused on improving the lives of children.
• Taft limited the federal workday to eight hours.

Question 27

How did Taft improve conditions for federal workers?

Answer 27

Under Taft, the workday for federal employees was limited to eight hours.

Question 28

What two constitutional amendments did Taft support?

Answer 28

Taft supported both the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments. The Sixteenth Amendment paved the way for Congress to levy a federal income tax. The Seventeenth Amendment allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators.

Question 29

What was Roosvelt like as president

Answer 29

Roosevelt used his popularity to influence reform measures and important legislation. He traveled frequently and kept the public informed about his presidency. Roosevelt was active and enthusiastic in his role as president. He sought to regulate big businesses, enact consumer protection laws, and promote fair opportunities for all Americans.

Question 30

What was Roosevlts Square deal

Answer 30

His domestic legislative agenda, the Square Deal, advocated for “fair play for the working man and a square deal to every American.”

Question 31

What was Tarf presdidency like what was his chararter

Answer 31

In contrast, while Taft was a more moderate reformer, he managed to alienate different factions of the Republican Party.

Question 32

What action that taft made angred progressive in his party?

Answer 32

Taft’s firing of Gifford Pinchot and support of the Payne-Aldrich Tariff angered Progressives in his party.

Question 33

Who was Pinchot

Answer 33

Pinchot was head of the Bureau of Forestry and a staunch conservationist and friend of Roosevelt.

Question 34

What did the Payne-Aldrich Tariff do and how did it make conservatie repulbicans feel

Answer 34

The Payne-Aldrich Tariff lowered some tariff rates, but raised others in an attempt to compromise between progressive and conservative Republicans. Ultimately, it lowered overall tariff rates only slightly, and alienated both groups. Conserative Republicans were further put out by Taft’s trustbusting. The breach in the party widened, and Taft eventually lost even Roosevelt’s support.

Question 35

What made Roosevelt go make to presidencty

Answer 35

His anger with Taft led him to seek the presidency again in 1912.

Question 36

Why was the Bull Moose Party formed

Answer 36

The Republican Party failed to nominate him as its candidate. Roosevelt established the Bull Moose Party, or Progressive Party, to challenge Taft for the presidency.

Question 37

What was Roosvelts belifs in the Bul Moose Party

Answer 37

Roosevelt portrayed himself as a candidate who supported the average man. His platform included women’s suffrage, workers’ compensation, and social welfare

Question 38

Why didnt Roosvelt win with the bull moose party

Answer 38

While Roosevelt would garner more votes than Taft, it was not enough to beat democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson.

Question 39

How did Taft alienate the Progressives in his party?

Answer 39

Taft alienated Progressives by firing Gifford Pinchot and supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff.

Question 40

Why did Roosevelt form the Bull Moose Party?

Answer 40

Roosevelt formed the Bull Moose Party when he failed to receive the Republican Party’s presidential nomination.

Question 41

monopoly

Answer 41

. A monopoly is when a company controls the supply or trade within a specific market. For example, a railroad company might control all of the railroad lines between two cities. The company could then charge consumers high prices because it had no competitors consumers could choose to use instead.

Question 42

Northern Securities Co. v. United States (1904)

Answer 42

The case upheld breaking up the monopoly controlling the railroad lines from Chicago to the Pacific Northwest.

Question 43

Standard Oil Co. v. United States (1911)

Answer 43

The case found that the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was monopolizing the oil industry through abusive business practices.

Question 44

Lochner v. New York (1905)

Answer 44

The case found that state limitations on workers’ hours was a violation of their “freedom to contract.”

Question 45

What was the Supreme Court’s role during the Progressive Era?

Answer 45

The court began to be more involved in using the law to regulate business. The Sherman Antitrust Act was used to break up trusts like Standard Oil. The court found that these companies had used unfair advantage to create a monopoly of specific business types.

Question 46

How did the Antiquities Act of 1906 impact environmental reform?

Answer 46

The Antiquities Act of 1906 set aside tracts of land that had historic, scientific, or scenic significance as the first national parks.

Question 47

How did Roosevelt expand the power of the presidency?

Answer 47

Roosevelt was extremely popular with the public. He used his popularity to expand presidential power and enact progressive reforms. As president, Roosevelt created the Department of Commerce and Labor and the Bureau of Corporations. These organizations investigated trusts and worked to minimize the impact of monopolies in the marketplace. Roosevelt also encouraged the Department of Justice to continue prosecuting antitrust suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. This gave all businesses an equitable opportunity for success. Considered a champion of the people, Roosevelt passionately advocated for the passage of reforms that improved food safety, labor conditions, and protection of public lands. Roosevelt addressed Congress frequently and traveled the country to speak directly to the public. In these ways, Roosevelt expanded the power of the presidency.

Question 48

What important reforms were enacted during the Taft presidency?

Answer 48

In his one term, Taft would break up twice as many trusts as Roosevelt. He also established a Children’s Bureau and an eight-hour work day for federal employees. In addition, the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments were passed during his presidency.

Question 49

How did the rift between Roosevelt and Taft impact the Republican Party?

Answer 49

When the Republican Party did not nominate him as its candidate, Roosevelt established his own party to run for president. Roosevelt received more votes than Taft, but not enough votes to beat the democratic candidate. The rift between Roosevelt and Taft led to Woodrow Wilson being elected as president.

Question 50

What was the Supreme Court’s role in progressivism?

Answer 50

The Supreme Court was still very conservative during the Progressive Era. However, with the election of progressive candidates to the presidency, the court did begin to use established laws to regulate business practices. Oil and railroad companies were dissolved by the Supreme Court during this era.

Question 51

Who began the construction of the panama canal

Answer 51

Roosvelt

Question 52

Who created business opportunites throguh forgein ploicy

Answer 52

Taft

Question 53

What were rebates and how did the Ekins law affect this

Answer 53

Rebates were refunds given to businesses that shipped large amounts of goods on a railroad. Some companies would threaten to ship on another railroad line unless given a rebate. Roosevelt quietly supported this bill.