Unit 6 Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Question 1

What bills did Congress pass to encougrage settlement in the west

Answer 1

the Homestead Act and the Pacific Railway Act.

Question 2

What was the Homestead Act

Answer 2

The Homestead Act allowed settlers to take ownership of 160 acres of land after five years of working the land. Settlers were encouraged to clear the land and build a house, then raise livestock or farm.

Question 3

What was the Pacific Railway Act

Answer 3

The Pacific Railway Act provided railroad companies with ownership of all public lands within 200 feet on either side of track that was laid, which eventually led to the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad

Question 4

Why did the government build forts in the West

Answer 4

The government also built forts to serve as protection from neighboring American Indian tribes in various places across the West. Some forts also served as trading posts or relief stations for farmers during times of hardship

Question 5

What happened cecause of the Mainfest Destiny

Answer 5

As the idea of Manifest Destiny took hold, waves of Americans and recently arrived immigrants began to move west.

Question 6

What was 1 changle of the Maifest Destiny

Answer 6

topography

Question 7

What is topography?

Answer 7

topography, or physical features of the land.

Question 8

How did the arrival of more settler in the south improve trials?

Answer 8

As more settlers ventured into the West, the development of trails such as the Oregon Trail, the Santa Fe Trail, and the California Trails allowed for a challenging but somewhat easier trip.

Question 9

What was the impact of the Oregon Trail

Answer 9

In the 1840s, The Oregon Trail brought over 400,000 settlers in wagon trains.

Question 10

How did topography contribute to the development of the Overland Trails?

Answer 10

The trails usually developed along rivers courses, mountain passes, and avoided canyons and other dangers.

Question 10

Besides providing a route for new settlers, in what ways were these trails used in future transportation routes?

Answer 10

These trails served as routes for stagecoaches, mail lines, and railroads.

Question 11

On April 22, 1889, thousands of people gathered at the boundary of the Unassigned Lands, a region in Central Oklahoma. What were people doing there

Answer 11

The prize for winning the race: land.

Question 12

who were Boomers

Answer 12

Soldiers guarded the borders until the official opening. At the appointed time, hopeful settlers, or Boomers, rushed forward.

Question 13

Some Boomers were surprised to see other settlers already living in more remote areas.Who were Sooners

Answer 13

They were called Sooners. The Sooners had snuck into the territory early and started building on the land.

Question 14

How did Boomers feel about Sonners

Answer 14

Boomers considered them thieves and disputed their claim at local land offices.

Question 15

What mad eup the majortiy of settlers that went to the South

Answer 15

Of the hundreds of thousands of settlers who moved west, the vast majority were homesteaders.

Question 16

Where did majortiy of the people who went to south settle in

Answer 16

Many settled in the areas of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas.

Question 17

Who were sodbusters?

Answer 17

Many settled in the areas of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas. Popularly known as sodbusters for the mud houses they built, these men and women in the Midwest faced a difficult life on the frontier.

Question 18

What strugles did Farmers face

Answer 18

. Farmers faced many challenges such as drought, insect swarms, dust storms, illness, and the cost of supplies. Items such as horses, wagons, seed, plows, and fertilizer were all necessary for survival as a farmer, but were challenging to afford.

Question 19

How did the expasnion of railroad affect farmers in the West

Answer 19

As the railroad expanded and better farm equipment became available, larger commercial bonanza farms drew laborers to the West.

Question 20

What were bonanza farms

Answer 20

The bonanza farms made large profits because they typically hired migrant workers for low wages.

Question 21

What was the California Gold Rsuh

Answer 21

Brought on by the California Gold Rush in 1849, the prospect of gold attracted thousands of miners to the West looking to get rich quick.

Question 22

What did miners hope to do in the Gold rush

Answer 22

Most miners hoped to move west for a short time, make a profit, and move back east.

Question 23

How did miners affect the developement of towns

Answer 23

Towns developed along areas where gold was discovered, becoming home to people who established businesses near the newly rich. These rapidly growing communities filled with miners and service industries, such as hardware stores and restaurants.

Question 24

What happened to bussines when miners lelft

Answer 24

Miners often abandoned these towns after depleting all of the resources from an area, causing many of the businesses to close.

Question 25

How many longhorns were in Texas Frontier at the end of the cilvi War

Answer 25

At the end of the Civil War, as many as 5,000,000 longhorn steers were roaming along the Texas frontier, yet few settlers had taken on the opportunity to claim them.

Question 26

What did ranchers hope to gain from the West

Answer 26

the meat from this livestock was highly sought after in eastern markets and businessmen saw ranching as an economic opportunity. Ranchers hoped to become rich off the cattle and then eventually move back east.

Question 27

2

Who did Ranchers hire to transport there longhorns

Answer 27

After the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad, many cattle ranchers hired men, known as cowboys, to drive the cattle to the railroad stations.

Question 28

What did cowboys want

Answer 28

Cowboys were usually single men looking to get rich.

Question 29

What interions did Cowboys and Racnhers have in common

Answer 29

Cowboys and ranchers stood to profit from the sale of beef.

Question 30

Who were forty-niners

Answer 30

Forty-Niners, treasure seekers who poured into California during the gold rush of 1849.

Question 31

Who was Bob LEmmons

Answer 31

Bob Lemmons, 1848 to 1947. He was a former slave turned cowboy and known as one of the best mustang wranglers in the West.

Question 32

What race were majortiy of cowboys

Answer 32

About one-quarter of cowboys were African American men who left the South after the Civil War.

Question 33

Who was Willa Carther

Answer 33

Willa Cather, 1873–1947. Cather drew on her own experience as a child of a homesteader to write several novels about life on the prairie. Notable works include O Pioneers!, Song of the Lark, and My Antonia.

Question 34

‘what pulled fzrmers to the West

Answer 34

Free land and economic opportunity enticed farmers to move west.

Question 35

What was the day of life as a typical farm wife homestead

Answer 35

. A typical farm wife could expect to spend most of her day completing chores such as cleaning, sewing, laundering, preparing food, and tending animals. Additional expectations of women were caring for children and providing their education.

Question 36

What was hardships for females during the homestead

Answer 36

Women faced the same physical hardships as men such as harsh weather, illness, and prairie dangers. However, one of the most difficult situations for women was childbirth. Often, there was no doctor or midwife providing assistance, and many women died from treatable complications, as did their newborns.

Question 37

Advantages for women in homestead act

Answer 37

While some women could find employment in the newly settled towns as teachers, cooks, or seamstresses, they originally did not enjoy many rights. They could not sell property, sue for divorce, serve on juries, or vote. Nevertheless, the challenges of farm life eventually empowered women to break through some legal and social barriers.

Question 38

What did the pioneer women do

Answer 38

Pioneer women made priceless contributions to frontier living, serving as equal partners in the success of the homestead to help the farm prosper.

Question 39

What did women do in the frontier

Answer 39

Many women also gained status as they began to organize churches, schools, civic clubs, and other community programs to promote family values and help maintain morale on the frontier.

Question 40

What employment opportunities outside the home were generally reserved for women?

Answer 40

Women could find employment as teachers, cooks, or seamstresses.

Question 41

How did Ameircan and NAtive Americans have conflict

Answer 41

As American settlers pushed westward, they came into conflict with American Indian tribes already living on the land. Settlers, with the support of local militias and the federal government, tried to push tribes to leave their homelands.

Question 42

How did the NAtive American and White poeple conflcit start (first kinda peaceful)

Answer 42

The first approach was to encourage tribes to move out of the path of white settlers. Some American Indian tribes agreed to treaties that gave them specific territories.

Question 43

How did the conflict between Native Americans and White poeple start

Answer 43

The government often ignored these agreements, which resulted in violence on both sides in battles such as the Dakota Wars and the Battle of Little Bighorn.

Question 44

What did minsters and governeent cpnvinne Native AMreicans to do int th e1880s

Answer 44

In the 1880s, ministers and government workers tried to convince American Indians to do away with their own language, clothing, and social customs and adopt a more modern American lifestyle.

Question 45

What did this conflict led to what was the fina result

Answer 45

Consequently, contact between settlers and American Indians led to the destruction of the American Indian way of life.

Question 46

what efect did the Transcontinental Railroad have on the West

Answer 46

The arrival of a more extensive railroad network allowed people to travel much more quickly and easily from coast to coast. Many people took the train to hunt bison on the frontier. The railroad also aided farmers by bringing much-needed supplies, such as lumber for construction and new farm machinery.

Question 47

What was the benfit of the telegraph

Answer 47

In 1861, Western Union completed the first transcontinental telegraph line which connected the East coast and West coast. Improved communication systems helped the development of business, economics, and politics by allowing for the spreading of news at high speeds across the country.

Question 48

Benfits of barbed wire

Answer 48

In 1873, the new technology of barbed wire allowed ranchers to fence off their lands and cattle. With the invention of barbed wire, cattle ranchers were able to cheaply section off the land as they wanted.

Question 49

How did barbed wire have a negative impact

Answer 49

Not only did it mean the end of the free range for settlers and cowboys, it also kept more land away from American Indian tribes.

Question 50

How did the steel plow tranform the lives of homesteaders

Answer 50

This new plow was better equipped to cut through the shallow grass roots of the plains and withstand damage from rocks just below the surface.

Question 51

What other tech helped farmers out

Answer 51

Other technology such as hay mowers, manure spreaders, and threshing machines, greatly improved farm production for those who could afford them.

Question 52

Many early farmers used dry farming techniques in order to gain a satisfactory crop during drought periods. Where did the windmill come in

Answer 52

Some farmers began to employ windmill technology to draw water, although both the drilling and construction of windmills became an added expense that few farmers could afford.

Question 53

The first gold prospectors in the 1850s and 1860s worked with easily portable tools but by the 1870s, mining companies began to use hydraulic mining
what was hydraulic mining used for

Answer 53

hydraulic mining and engineering in order to move soil and rocks more quickly to find precious metals.

Question 54

What is hydralic ,mining

Answer 54

. A hydraulic system allowed high pressure jets of water to push soil and rock out of the way. Miners then sifted and filtered the loosened sediment using a sluice box.

Question 55

What negative impact did Farmers have during the Manifest Destiny

Answer 55

Farmers over-cleared the grasslands to plant crops such as wheat and corn, opening the prairie up to the dust storms of the 1930s.

Question 56

What negative impact did Ranchers have during the Manifest Destiny

Answer 56

Ranchers fenced off their land for cattle and reduced public grazing lands, which destroyed Native American hunting grounds.

Question 57

What negative impact did settlers have during the Manifest Destiny

Answer 57

Settlers endangered the bison population as more people tried their hand at hunting. The over-hunting of the bison affected the Native American tribes that depended on it for food and clothing.

Question 58

What negative impact did mining efforts like hydraulic mining have during the Manifest Destiny

Answer 58

Mining efforts, such as hydraulic mining, stripped the land of natural resources, which left many water sources to fill with sediment.

Question 59

How did the interaction between the U.S. Army and American Indians change after 1865?

Answer 59

: The army began to treat them as wards of the state and could use full force in conflicts with American Indians.

Question 60

What natural resource and its access is still an issue in the West?

Answer 60

Access to water is still a conflict in the West.

Question 61

What effect did Manifest Destiny have on Americans’ westward migration?

Answer 61

Americans believed that God had given them the divine right to move west. Many Americans envisioned an opportunity that was a chance for a whole new life as a farmer, rancher, or cowboy. Some hoped to bring civilization and progress while others hoped to strike it rich. Moving west spelled wealth through development of new technology and ownership of free land. Settlers wanted to play a part in advancing the country by taking advantage of all the West had to offer.

Question 62

In what ways did westward expansion provide new opportunities for women?

Answer 62

Women were able to take a strong role on the homestead by helping their husbands with the challenges of frontier life. Women assisted on the farms as equal partners to the daily tasks needed to make the farms successful. They also organized churches, schools, civic clubs, and other programs to build a community.

Question 63

Describe the challenges experienced by farmers in their new frontier life.

Answer 63

Farmers faced many challenges such as drought, insect swarms, dust storms, illness, and the cost of expensive farming supplies.

Question 64

How did mining and cattle ranching eventually influence more business opportunities in the West?

Answer 64

As larger companies began investing in mining operations, the establishment of permanent settlements led to more businesses moving into the area. Cattle ranching became a big business for eastern investors once barbed wire enabled them to divide the land and lay claim to specific areas that had once been public grazing lands.

Question 65

In what ways did westward migration change the landscape of the West?

Answer 65

Farming cleared the plains of grasslands; ranchers eliminated the open range available for public grazing lands; settlers killed much of the bison population; and mining efforts stripped the land of natural resources.