Unit 12 Lesson 3: The United States and East Asia

Question 1

How important was trade with China for Americans?

Answer 1

Trade with China had been lucrative since the end of the eighteenth century. American merchants made millions off of trade with China. Expanding its influence, especially in China, was important to America.

Question 2

As American industry grew, trade with

Answer 2

oreign nations became increasingly important.

Question 3

European empires controlled much of China. How did U.S. feel about this

Answer 3

The U.S. became concerned that European control of China might limit American trade in the region. America sought to become a force in the Pacific.

Question 4

Why was the U.S concerned with European control of China?

Answer 4

: U.S. merchants were making millions off of trade with China. The U.S. was concerned that the European empires controlling China might cut off U.S. trade in the region.

Question 5

What influenced U.S. foreign policy at the end of the nineteenth century?

Answer 5

U.S. economic interests abroad dictated foreign policy. U.S. troops were utilized to put down rebellions and to provide a show of American force.

Question 6

What was Hawaii’s importance to US

Answer 6

Since the 1840s, the sugar trade was lucrative to Hawaiians and the U.S.

Question 7

What was the McKinley Tariff and how did it impact teh impact of US and Hawaii

Answer 7

This changed with the passage of the McKinley Tariff. This tariff raised rates on foreign sugar, including sugar from Hawaii. Sugar plantation owners knew that the high tariff would end if Hawaii was annexed by the U.S.

Question 8

How did Queen Liliuokalani feel about foegin influence

Answer 8

At the same time as the tariff raising prices was passed, a new queen took the Hawaiian throne. Queen Liliuokalani thought foreign meddling was the root of Hawaii’s problems.

Question 9

How did sugar planters try to ruin Hawaii

Answer 9

In 1893, the sugar planters planned a coup against her. The planters sought support from U.S. forces assigned to the island on the pretense that American lives were threatened. Marines stormed the island, and Liliuokalani abdicated to spare her people bloodshed.

Question 10

How did PResident Grover Cleveland feel about Americans actions in Hawii

Answer 10

. President Grover Cleveland disagreed with the revolt. He refused to annex the islands and tried to convince Congress to reestablish Liliuokalani’s monarchy.

Question 11

When was Hawaii annexed

Answer 11

However, the American public strongly favored annexation. Ultimately, William McKinley officially annexed Hawaii in 1898 and the island became a critical U.S. naval base.

Question 12

Why did sugar planters want the U.S. to annex Hawaii?

Answer 12

The passage of the McKinley Tariff raised rates on foreign sugar. If Hawaii became a territory of the U.S., sugar from Hawaii would no longer be impacted by the high tariff.

Question 13

How many countries had there ahnds of China

Answer 13

. At the end of the nineteenth century, several European powers had advanced into China. Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan had all established spheres of influence in China

Question 14

What did a sphere of influence give a country

Answer 14

A sphere of influence gave a country exclusive trading rights.

Question 15

Who was in control of China and why did this alram the US

Answer 15

While China still had an emperor, the countries that had established spheres of influence were really in control. As the Chinese dynasty showed signs of weakening, the U.S. worried that imperial nations might overrun China. Fearing the loss of Chinese trade, the U.S. took a stand.

Question 16

In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay presented the

Answer 16

Open Door policy

Question 17

What the Open Door Policy

Answer 17

The Open Door policy proposed that all countries should have equal trade access to Chinese markets. The plan secured China’s sovereignty, while protecting U.S. trade interests.

Question 18

How did foergin leaders react to the open door policy

Answer 18

Britain agreed to the proposal. Other countries offered no public opposition, so Hay claimed that there was agreement on the policy.

Question 19

WWhat was the boxer reblion

Answer 19

During the Boxer Rebellion, peasants attempted to drive all foreigners from China.

Question 20

Who were the boxers

Answer 20

. The Boxers were a group of peasants upset at foreign interference in China. The Boxers felt that missionaries and other foreigners threatened Chinese traditions.

Question 21

What did the boxers do in the early 1900

Answer 21

Early in 1900, the Boxers roamed the Chinese countryside and killed Christian missionaries and foreign businessmen.

Question 22

What was the end result of the boxer rebelion

Answer 22

. American, England, France, Germany, Japan, and Russia combined forces to crush the rebellion. The rebellion and the military response to it weakened the Chinese government even more.

Question 23

What influenced John Hay to propose the Open Door policy?

Answer 23

During the late nineteenth century, a number of countries controlled sections of China and the trade within the area. The Chinese government was weak and U.S. Secretary of State John Hay worried that if it fell, America’s trade with China might be cut off . He proposed the Open Door policy to give all countries that traded with China equal access.

Question 24

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

Answer 24

A group within China, called the Boxers, were unhappy with the intervention of foreign businessmen and Christian missionaries. They felt that Chinese traditions were threatened. As a result, the Boxers killed missionaries and foreign businessmen. This led countries with trade interests in China to combine forces and put down the rebellion.

Question 25

As peace negotiations unfolded following the end of the Spanish-American War, President McKinley insisted that the U.S. maintain control over the Philippines. He had no intention of giving the islands back to Spain and wanted to avoid another European power seizing them. So how did Mikinley proceed

Answer 25

He offered Spain a $20 million payment to allow the U.S. to keep the Philippines and make it a U.S. territory. Although Spain was reluctant to accept McKinley’s offer, it was in no position to deny the American demand. The two sides finalized the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898.

Question 26

What was the importance of the Treaty of Paris

Answer 26

This treaty ensured international recognition of a new American empire spanning the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

Question 27

Who was Emilio Aguinaldo and what did he and his suporters belvie in

Answer 27

Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo fought back against American forces starting in February of 1899. Aguinaldo and many of his supporters were eager for Philippine independence. They did not want to trade one colonial power for another.

Question 28

What was the outcom of the Philippine-American War

Answer 28

The Philippine-American War, a brutal series of conflicts spanning three years, ended with over 4,000 American and 20,000 Filipino deaths.

Question 29

After three years of wartime conflict, President McKinley focused on restoring peace. What role did William Howard Taft play in this

Answer 29

To this end, he appointed William Howard Taft as the civil governor of the Philippines.

Question 30

What did Taft do in the Phippines

Answer 30

. Taft’s leadership disengaged the American military from direct confrontations with the Filipino people. Instead, they turned to building new transportation infrastructures, hospitals, and schools in efforts to win over the local population.

Question 31

How did Tafts actions in the Phipines affect Fpilopino rebels

Answer 31

Filipino rebels quickly lost influence. Aguinaldo was captured by American forces and forced to swear allegiance to the United States. Other resistance leaders were offered leadership positions in exchange for their support.

Question 32

What is the lasting impact the Taft commsion had on the Phinpiness

Answer 32

The Taft Commission, as it became known, continued to introduce reforms to modernize and improve daily life for the country. Much of the commission’s rule centered on legislative reforms to local government structure and national agencies. The Philippines continued under American rule until it became self-governing in 1946.

Question 33

What were the causes of the Philippine-American War?

Answer 33

President McKinley purchased the Philippines from Spain in the Treaty of Paris after the end of the Spanish-American War. The United States wanted to continue globally expanding for social, political, and economic reasons. In contrast, many Filipinos wanted to be an independent nation. Emilio Aguinaldo led a resistance movement aimed at gaining independence from America. This segued into the Philippine-American War.

Question 34

The U.S. population grew rapidly in the 50 years after Reconstruction. Mos tof this was because of..

Answer 34

. Much of the rise in population was due to the 25 million immigrants that entered the country between 1870 and 1920.

Question 35

How did Americans feel about immigrants

Answer 35

While immigrants were needed to support the growing economy, Americans responded negatively. Americans were afraid that new immigrants, especially those with different languages and religions, could not assimilate. While America had no qualms intervening in foreign nations for economic purposes, immigrants from the same countries were not welcome in the U.S.

Question 36

How did Americans feel about Chinese

Answer 36

During the 1870s, anti-Chinese protests were frequent on the West Coast. America’s xenophobia manifested in these protests. ome Americans thought that Chinese people were inferior.

Question 37

What is Xenophobia

Answer 37

Xenophobia is a fear or dislike of foreigners or strangers.

Question 38

In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act. What was this

Answer 38

The Chinese Exclusion Act limited the immigration of Chinese laborers to the U.S. For the first time, a group of immigrants was refused admission to the U.S. on the basis of race.

Question 39

What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Answer 39

The Chinese Exclusion Act limited the immigration of Chinese laborers to the U.S.