Unit 5 Lesson 1: The Civil War Flashcards
What land deals led to tension between North and South
Prior to the Civil War, tension between the North and South grew steadily. In 1820, the Missouri Compromise established that slavery would be allowed in parts of the Louisiana Purchase that are south of latitude 36°30’, which is the southern border of Missouri. The tension returned because the Missouri Compromise did not apply to the new land acquired in the Mexician-American War. Beginning in January of 1850, Congress worked for eight months on a compromise that it hoped might calm the conflict.
Describe the key points of Compromise of 1850
- California was admitted as a free state.
- Popular sovereignty would determine the status of slavery in the land acquired from Mexico.
- The slave trade was banned in Washington, D.C. The practice of slavery, however, was allowed to remain.
- Under the Fugitive Slave Act, those who helped runaway slaves, or refused to assist in their return, would be fined and possibly imprisoned.
- The border between Texas and New Mexico was established. The government also forgave all of Texas’s debts.
How did Abolitionists in noterhn states resist the Fugitive Slave Act
Whites and free African Americans created a network of safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman, a former slave, and others helped hundreds of enslaved people escape even though they could face harsh criminal penalties.
Why was Uncule Toms cabin in 1852 realsesd
Another result of the Fugitive Slave Act was the publishing of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, in 1852. Stowe’s story revealed the harsh realities of slavery and helped fuel the fire behind abolitionist efforts to ban slavery.
How did 8 northen legislatures respond to the Fugittive Act
The backlash against the Fugitive Slave Act led eight northern state legislatures to pass personal liberty laws providing protection to people who were arrested as fugitive slaves. One of those legal protections was the right to trial by jury. The liberty laws showed how northern states used their states’ rights to oppose federal powers.
What was the result of Dred Scott decision
In 1857, the difference of opinions grew once again over the Dred Scott decision. Dred Scott was an enslaved man who petitioned the court for his freedom, but the Supreme Court denied his request. Per the court, black people could never be citizens of the United States.
Why was the Repbulican Party made
In addition, the court ruled that Congress had no authority to stop or limit the spread of slavery into American territories. This upset the newly created Republican Party because it effectively made their abolitionist goals unconstitutional.
Which parts of the Compromise of 1850 were included to appease the North, and which were included to appease the South?
: The admission of California and the ban on the slave trade in Washington, D.C. were included to appease the North. The Federal Slave Act and the forgiveness of Texas’s debts were included to appease the South. Popular sovereignty in the territory acquired from Mexico was a compromise for both sides.
What was it like for the democrats during the election of 1860
the Democratic Party had difficulty establishing a unified platform despite most Democrats being pro-slavery. The fallout of the Dred Scott decision and its incompatibility with the idea of popular sovereignty, created divides in the Democratic party.
. In early 1860, Northern and Southern Democrats split their votes and nominated two men to run for the presidency:
Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, and Vice President John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky.
Who did the Republicans chose for the election of 1860
The Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln as their candidate
Who did the Consittuinal Union
Party chose
e Constitutional Union Party posed a fourth candidate, named John Bell.
Who won the election of 1860
In the resulting Election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln won the majority of the electoral college and the job, despite winning only 40 percent of the popular vote. He swept the northern states, except for New Jersey, which he split with Douglas.
As soon as the election ended, Southern leaders began to discuss leaving the Union. What was the resposne to this
Crittenden compromise
To prevent this separation, John Crittenden, a senator from Kentucky, wrote a series of compromises. What was the Crittenden Compromise?
In this Crittenden Compromise, the Missouri Compromise was reinstated, permanently allowing slavery below the 36°30’ coordinate line all the way to the Pacific Ocean. It also ensured that slavery could not be abolished anywhere that it was already legally practiced. One part of this proposal offered compensation to slaveholders if their fugitive slaves were not recovered. Finally, the compromise explained that the federal government would be forbidden from interfering in interstate slave trade.
Did the Crittenden Compromise work
The compromise failed because Republicans and Southern Democrats both refused to support it.
e. About six weeks after the election, on December 20th, 1860, South Carolina held a convention and voted unanimously to secede, or leave, the United States. This secession led to six more states quickly following suit:
- Mississippi – January 9, 1861
- Florida – January 10, 1861
- Alabama – January 11, 1861
- Georgia – January 19, 1861
- Louisiana – January 26, 1861
- Texas – February 1, 1861
What two actions destroyed the 1820 Missouri Compromise?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act effectively overrode the Missouri Compromise for the territories that were not states prior to 1854. The 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Court decision rendered the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
How did Abraham Lincoln win the election of 1860?
The Democrats split their votes between two different people, resulting in Abraham Lincoln receiving the majority of the votes.
What happened in February of 1861 before Lincoln was inaugurated
In February of 1861, before Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated after his election, the seven states that had seceded held a convention during which they formed their own government
What was the Confederate States of America
. The new nation was named the Confederate States of America.
Who was the president of the Confederate States of America
The convention chose Jefferson Davis as president of the new government. The Confederacy immediately formed its own army in preparation for war with the Union.
On March 4, 1861, President Lincoln delivered his first inaugural address. What did he say about the South and what did he use to back up the secding the nation is unconsituinal?
He denounced the secession of the seven states and declared that he would use force to protect federal property within those states. Lincoln also made his commitment clear that he would fight against the secessionists working to destroy the Union. He declared that the Union could not be dissolved by individual state actions, and, therefore, secession was unconstitutional.
In his adress what do Lincoln say about slavery in the South
In his address, Lincoln tried to reassure southern states that he would not take away their rights to have slaves His recognition of slavery in the South, however, did nothing to satisfy the Southern slaveholders because Lincoln also pledged to keep slavery from expanding into the new western territories.
What resolution did Lincoln want between the North and the South
Lincoln wanted a peaceful resolution to the conflicts between the North and the South, but he also made it clear that the Union would not back down if provoked and would not condone secession
What marked the begningof the Civil war
On April 12, 1861, Lincoln sent Union soldiers to Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina to restock supplies. Confederate leaders requested that the U.S. soldiers leave the fort. When they refused, Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard ordered his troops to fire on Fort Sumter.
When did the war start
April 12, 1861
What was the response of Fort Summer
The Union troops surrendered the following day, but the damage was done. President Abraham Lincoln requested that 75,000 people volunteer for the Union army to suppress the South’s rebellion.
What event officially started the Civil War?
Confederate troops firing upon Union soldiers at Fort Sumter, South Carolina officially started the Civil War.
In the weeks that followed the attack on Fort Sumter, four more states seceded from the Union:
Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.
