Unit 5 Lesson 4: Invasion of Euorpe Flashcards
What was the first thing Roosvelt wanted to ensure in the war
Despite the fact that a Japanese attack in the Pacific was the trip wire for the United States’ entrance into the war, Franklin Roosevelt had been long concerned about Great Britain.
In Roosvelts eyes who was a greater thereat to freedom
He viewed Germany as a greater threat to freedom than Japan
Who’s General Dwight D. Eisenhower. What was he incharge of
General Dwight D. Eisenhower was named the commander of all U.S. operations in Europe in 1942. Soon after assuming command at U.S. headquarters in London, Eisenhower was also chosen to lead Allied operations in North Africa. Allied troops landed in North Africa in 1942.
Poteinal draw back of the “Europe First” strategy
Both Winston Churchill and Roosevelt were committed to saving Britain. They acted with this goal in mind, often ignoring the needs of the Soviet Union.
British forces had invaded the Italian colony of Libya. The Italians responded with a counteroffensive that penetrated into Egypt. There, the British again won. How did Hitler react to Italy’s loss
In response, Hitler sent troops to Africa under General** Erwin Rommel**.
When did axis campaigns in North Africa begin
The Axis campaigns in North Africa had begun when Italy declared war on England in June 1940.
Whoose Ervin Rommel and it looked who had the upper hand in north Africa
Rommel was a skillful general who was nicknamed the “Desert Fox,” and at first it appeared Germany might have the upper hand in the North African campaign.
What kind fo starerty to Roosvelt belive in
leaned toward a “Europe First” strategy even before the United States officially joined the war. This strategy meant that the United States would concentrate the majority of its resources and energies on first defeating Germany and then on defeating Japan. Both Winston Churchill and Roosevelt were committed to saving Britain.
The Axis campaigns in North Africa had begun when Italy declared war on England in June 1940. British forces had invaded the Italian colony of Libya. How did Italy respond
The Italians responded with a counteroffensive that penetrated into Egypt. There, the British again won
When did the sistutation in North Africa stop looking in doubt
The outcome of the situation was in doubt until shortly before American forces joined the British, who were fighting under the command of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery.
When did the allied fofrces invade Sicily
After defeating Italy and Germany in El Alamein, Egypt, Montgomery led British forces in the Allied invasion of Sicily.
Who were American troop lead by in North Africa
The American troops, led skillfully by General George S. Patton, helped ensure victory in North Africa and Italy.
In the end who gained control of soutern Mediterranean
The Allies ultimately gained control of the southern Mediterranean.
Why did Htiler invade Soveit union
Hitler had risen to power in part by promising to act against communist regimes, so it was not surprising when he decided to break his pact with Stalin and seek to conquer the vast Soviet Union. He claimed the German people needed more room to expand and live well. And he also had an eye on Soviet oil fields in the Caucasus region.
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What was Operation Barbarossa, when did it take place
In June 1941, Hitler began an invasion he called Operation Barbarossa. It was the invasion of Soveit Union
When did the Soveits become part of the allied forces
Since the Soviets now faced a common enemy with western Europe, they became an important part of the Allied forces.
Why did Stalin feel betrayted by his allies
But while Stalin urged his fellow Allies to take back France, British and American troops pursued the defeat of Mussolini’s Italy. This choice greatly frustrated Stalin. He felt that British interests were taking precedence over the agony that the Soviet people were enduring.
What impact would Operation Barbossa have on Germany
This move would ultimately be the undoing of Germany, as the Soviets fought fiercely for years, and the region’s bitter winters took a great toll on German troops and equipment.
Did an invasion of Europe by way of ITaly attract German forces?
. An invasion of Europe by way of Italy, which is what the British and American campaign in North Africa laid the ground for, pulled only a few German divisions away from their Russian targets.
Why did Chruchill think invading Italy was important
However, Churchill saw Italy as the vulnerable underbelly of Europe. He believed that Italian support for Mussolini was waning, suggesting that victory there might be relatively easy.
What would be the benifits if Italy was tkane out of the war
Moreover, Churchill pointed out that if Italy were taken out of the war, then the Allies would control the Mediterranean. This control would offer the Allies easier shipping access to both the Soviet Union and the British Far Eastern colonies.
When did the D-day invasion happen
On June 6, 1944
what did allied forces do during the frist allied forces attack on d-day
Allied forces stormed the beaches of northern France on D-Day. Beginning at 6:30 a.m., some 24,000 British, Canadian, and American troops waded ashore along a 50-mile piece of the coast of Normandy, a region in northern France that borders the English Channel. More than a million other soldiers would follow their lead. Germans on the hills and cliffs above shot at them. Once Allied troops reached the beach, they encountered barbed wire and land mines. More than 10,000 Allied soldiers were wounded or killed during the assault.
When did Eisenhower become the supreme commander of all Allied forces in Europe
Following Eisenhower’s successes in 1942, he had become the supreme commander of all Allied forces in Europe.
What was the D-Day plan allied leader came up wth
First, leaders planned an air attack to confuse the Germans and secure important roads and bridges. Paratroopers from the 101st Airborne Division jumped from planes in the hours before dawn and landed on targets all across the area.
When was Paris liberated from the Nazis
Following the establishment of beachheads at Normandy, it took months of difficult fighting before Paris was liberated from the Nazis on August 20, 1944.
How did the invasion of FRance help Stalin’s army
. The invasion also pulled the Germans away from the eastern front to the western front, relieving some of the pressure on Stalin’s army.
The invasion also pulled the Germans away from the eastern front to the western front, relieving some of the pressure on Stalin’s army. How were the Soveits holding up during that time
By that time, however, Russian troops had already defeated the German army at Stalingrad. This defeat is widely considered the turning point of the war in Europe.
The Allies relied on amphibious landings to directly attack the beaches. What were amphibious landings
Amphibious landings use boats and other naval craft to support land and air attacks.
During World War II, the military posed a simple but challenging question to Andrew Jackson Higgins, a New Orleans boat manufacturer. How could he help them land soldiers and vehicles onto a beach so they could mount attacks? Warships were way too large to land on beaches. So there had to be a way to transport men and machines from the warships to the beach.
Mr. Higgins redesigned one of his small commercial boats to the military’s specifications, adding ramps to make it easier to get soldiers and equipment on and off the boats. The boat was named the Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP), but most people called it the Higgins boat. General Eisenhower later said that the Higgins boats were key to U.S. victory in World War II.
Nazi Germany was not ready to surrender, however. On December 16, what was there surpirse attack
On December 16, in a surprise move, the Germans threw nearly 750,000 men at the western Allies in an attempt to divide their armies and encircle major elements of the American forces.
How did the US respond the the Nazi surprise attack on DEc
The 101st Airborne Division stepped in once again, holding the strategic Belgian town of Bastogne despite repeated German assaults. General George S. Patton’s army freed the town after 10 grueling days of siege. Meanwhile, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery worked to secure the northern portion of the theater.
What was the battle started by NAzi surprise attack in dEcember called and what was the outcome
The ongoing struggle, known as the Battle of the Bulge, raged until the end of January. Some 90,000 Americans were killed, wounded, or lost in action. Nevertheless, the Allies turned the Germans bac
Even though Hitler’s forces were so spent that they could never again mount offensive operations, the Germans fought on for several more months. How did the allies clso ein on the Soveit Union
By April 1945, the Soviets had reached Berlin, and both the U.S. and British forces were pushing up against Germany’s last defenses in the western part of the nation.
What marked the end of the war
Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945. On May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered, and the Allies formally accepted the surrender the very next day.
The war in Europe was over, and the Allies and liberated regions celebrated May 8 as
“Victory in Europe Day” or “V-E Day” to mark the end of the long ordeal.
What was the Holocaust and the final solution
The Holocaust was Hitler’s plan to rid Germany of what he termed “undesirables,” which included his “final solution,” a resolution to kill the Jews of Europe.
Dachau
. Dachau, the first of more than 40,000 camps that ultimately imprisoned Jews, was built in 1933 to incarcerate political prisoners.
Kristallnacht (“the Night of Broken Glass”)
r. After Kristallnacht (“the Night of Broken Glass”) in 1938—when synagogues, Jewish businesses, and Jewish homes were vandalized and set on fire throughout Germany and Austria—the systematic roundup of Jews in German territory began, and Dachau was one of the first places these prisoners were sent.
Although the majority of the people in the camps were Jews, who else was sent to the camps
Although the majority of the people in the camps were Jews, the Nazis sent Roma (Gypsies), gays and lesbians, Jehovah’s Witnesses, political opponents, and the disabled to the camps as well.
how many died during the holocoust
Ultimately, some 11 million people died in the camps.
After World War II, both international and domestic courts conducted trials of accused war criminals. The best known of these trials was held in the Nuremberg, Germany. What were the Nuremberg trials
The Nuremberg trials were a series of military tribunals. The Allied forces, under international law and the laws of war, held the trials. The Allies accused Nazi leaders of crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, breaking the laws of war, and “conspiracy to commit” the criminal acts listed in the first three counts.
outcome of the Nuremberg trials
Many Nazi leaders were caught and found guilty of these crimes, but others managed to escape capture.
The leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union during World War II are sometimes known as the
“Big Three.”
When was the last time the big three meet
The last time the Big Three met was in early February 1945 at Yalta in the Soviet Union.
What were the things Chruchchill and Roosvelt agreed on during The Yalta Conference
Churchill and Roosevelt thus had to accept a number of compromises that strengthened Stalin’s position in eastern Europe. In particular, they agreed to allow the communist government installed by the Soviet Union in Poland to remain in power until free elections took place.
What were the things Stalin agreed on during the Yalta Conference
For his part, Stalin reaffirmed his commitment to enter the war against Japan following the surrender of Germany. Stalin also agreed that the Soviet Union would participate in the United Nations, a new peacekeeping body intended to replace the League of Nations.
What did they decied to do in Gemany duting The Yalta Conference
They had already decided to divide Germany temporarily into four “zones of occupation” after the Germans surrendered. The United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union would each occupy one zone. But Berlin, Germany’s capital city, lay within the Soviet zone. The Big Three also partitioned Berlin into four zones, each controlled by one of the four main Allies
They planned to finalize plans for the treatment of Germany and the shape of postwar Europe at a later conference. Why did this never happen
However, Roosevelt did not live to attend the next meeting. He died on April 12, 1945, after suffering a stroke. His vice president, Harry S. Truman, became president.
What is the furtherest point west the Garmant expaned during the WWII
FRance’s Atlasntic coast
What occured after the Allies’ D-Day invasion
opening of a seond front against Germany
