Unit 8 Lesson 1: Urbanization

Question 1

What happned to American citites in the late 19th century

Answer 1

In the late nineteenth century, American cities exploded in population.

Question 2

What is urbanization

Answer 2

on. Urbanization refers to the process by which cities develop, including increased population, business, and structures.

Question 3

Why did Urbanization in the United States occur rapidly in the second half of the 1800s?

Answer 3

The new technologies of the time led to a great leap in industrialization, requiring large numbers of workers.

Question 4

How did electric lights affect unbranization and the workforce

Answer 4

New electric lights and powerful machinery allowed factories to run 24 hours a day, 6 days a week (most were closed on Sunday). Workers were forced into demanding 12-hour shifts, requiring them to live close to the factories.

Question 5

A majority of the newcomers to the cities were from one of two groups of people:

Answer 5

African Americans and southern and eastern European immigrants.

Question 6

What are push factors

Answer 6

Push factors are conditions that drive people away from their homelands.

Question 7

What are examples of push facotrs for Europeans

Answer 7

For southern and eastern European immigrants, those factors were poor living conditions, lack of land for farming, forced military service and political or religious persecution. I

Question 8

What were push factors for people in south america

Answer 8

In southern states, violent forms of racism, from death threats to waves of lynchings, were push factors for millions of African Americans.

Question 9

\What is a pull factor

Answer 9

Pull factors are conditions that attract people to move to a new area.

Question 10

What are examples of some pull factors

Answer 10

These include new job opportunities and political and religious freedom. European immigrants and African Americans alike arrived in northern and eastern cities looking for work and better lives.

Question 11

Where did every citzen in a large city live

Answer 11

Every citizen in a large city, no matter their race or ethnicity, lived in a ward, or district.

Question 12

What did each ward have

Answer 12

Each ward had a representative who spoke on behalf of its citizens at city hall

Question 13

What are reprentatives supposed to do

Answer 13

When a problem arose, citizens could ask their representatives to ask city hall to provide a solution. At least, that was what was supposed to happen. Often, however, the wheels of bureaucracy moved too slowly.

Question 14

What did amny repersetnatives have in mind

Answer 14

Many representatives turned to working within local political machines to find quick, beneficial solutions.

Question 15

How did “boss” system work

Answer 15

In this system, the “boss” of a political machine would get government officials to fix a problem by promising that their ward would vote for that official in future elections. The bosses profited from these arrangements.

Question 16

What were “bosses” way of working described as

Answer 16

This process worked, but was not exactly democratic, and cities lost a lot of money to bribery and corruption.

Question 17

What form of entertainment was rising

Answer 17

amusement park

Question 18

What was Coney Island

Answer 18

Coney Island, one of the nation’s first amusement parks, opened in New York City in 1895. There were wild rides, animal attractions, and large stage productions.

Question 19

What were vaudeville

Answer 19

Large stage variety shows known as vaudeville included singing, dancing, and comedy acts with live animals and magic.

Question 20

What was the impact of baseball

Answer 20

. Another form of entertainment for the working class was professional baseball. These games provided an affordable way to spend leisure time. They also provided a way for the people of a city to bond as they cheered for the home team.

Question 21

What was the response to abuses of labor for both children and adults?

Answer 21

After the publication of books such as How the Other Half Lives, new child labor laws and workers’ compensation laws were eventually passed.

Question 22

If city life was so difficult, why did people continue to live in crowded city neighborhoods?

Answer 22

Even though city life was difficult, it was still better than rural life or life in people’s homelands. Cities had higher paying jobs and the promise of a better life for their children. In addition, the ability to move about more freely with less discrimination was a great draw to northern and eastern cities for African American migrants.

Question 23

How did the middle calss fomr a new community

Answer 23

The middle class largely responded to the challenges of the city by physically escaping it. A new type of community, the suburbs, developed in outlying areas connected to urban centers.

Question 24

What was it like for middle class people

Answer 24

If your job in the city paid well enough, you could afford to take a train or trolley from your job to a house in the suburbs. As a member of the middle class, the farther you lived from the city, the more social status you had achieved.

Question 25

What did children in the middle class have

Answer 25

Children of middle-class families had opportunities for education and advancement.

Question 26

How did schools grow during this time

Answer 26

Public school enrollment exploded at this time, tripling from 7 million in 1870 to 21 million in 1920. High schools also grew, from one hundred high schools nationally in 1860 to over six thousand by 1900.

Question 27

Where did the upper class live

Answer 27

The wealthy lived in the city as well, but not in crowded apartments. Rather, they lived in large mansions behind gates or walls. Each city had exclusive neighborhoods where the wealthy lived in luxury.

Question 28

What does being on The annual Social Register mean

Answer 28

The annual Social Register was first published in 1886 in New York City. If your name was in the register, you were part of the directory of wealthy socialites.

Question 29

What did rich people do in their free time

Answer 29

Wealthy citizens attended classical music concerts, viewed fine art collections, and attended social events with their rich friends. Concert halls, like the one at Carnegie Music Hall in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and museums were built for these purposes.

Question 30

What means of transportation did rich people use

Answer 30

With transportation improvements making local leisure spots more accessible to the middle class, the wealthy went further afield to exotic vacation spots that could further set them apart from the lower classes.

Question 31

What was rich peple favorite Vaction spot

Answer 31

Vacations to Florida and frequent trips to Europe became popular.

Question 32

Why did diseases like typhoid fever spread quickly in cities?

Answer 32

Crowded living conditions and poor sanitation practices and services allowed diseases to easily infect more people in cities.

Question 33

How did the City Beatiful movement come to be

Answer 33

In response to the harsh realities of urban life, forward-thinking reformers considered ways to improve quality of life for city dwellers.

Question 34

Who were the Leaders of the City Beatiful movement and what did they do

Answer 34

Leaders of the City Beautiful movement, like Frederick Law Olmsted and Daniel Burnham, designed urban spaces that were pleasing to move around in and live near.

Question 35

What did these men do in the Chicago Worlds Fair

Answer 35

. These men designed and built the buildings and landscape of the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893, featuring wide-open green spaces and buildings painted bright white. The fairgrounds were connected to modern transportation services and sanitation systems. The World’s Fair’s “White City” established standards for urban city planning for the next generation.

Question 36

What were the 3 mian principle sof the world’s fair white city

Answer 36

The model had three main principles: create large green spaces, build wider streets to decrease traffic congestion, and add more suburbs to relieve overcrowding in cities.