Unit 5 Lesson 4: Plans for Reconstruction

Question 1

President Abraham Lincoln wanted to reunify the states as quickly as possible. What was the 10% plan

Answer 1

His proposal, called the “10% Plan,” pardoned all Southerners except Confederate military leaders and important government officials. It also required 10 percent of the Confederate voting population to take an oath of allegiance to the United States. Once the oaths were taken, the former rebel states could form new governments and send representatives to Congress.

Question 2

What happened to Lincoln on April 14, 1865

Answer 2

. On April 14, 1865, while at the theatre with his wife, Lincoln was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth.

Question 3

Who was John Wilkes Booth

Answer 3

Booth was a well-known actor and Confederate supporter. He decided to kill Lincoln after a speech by Lincoln endorsing voting rights for African Americans. His actions were part of a bigger conspiracy to keep the Confederacy alive.

Question 4

According to the letter, what was Booth’s motive for killing Lincoln?

Answer 4

Booth’s motive was to avenge the South.

Question 5

Who became president after Lincoln passed

Answer 5

andrew Johnson A former senator from Tennessee and a democrat

Question 6

What did Andrew Johnson belive was his duty as president

Answer 6

Johnson thought that it was his job as president to reconstruct the Union. Like Lincoln, he wanted to restore the Confederate states quickly and leniently.

Question 7

What did Johnson do in the South

Answer 7

He granted pardons to most Southerners and considered states readmitted once they ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery.

Question 8

Does Johnson support African American rights

Answer 8

Unlike Lincoln, Johnson made it clear he did not support granting African Americans political rights.

Question 9

What were the polices Johnson set up in the South what were black codes?

Answer 9

His policies allowed southern states to create white man’s governments that drafted laws limiting the freedom of African Americans called Black Codes.

Question 10

How did majotrity of Congress view Johnson’s reconstruction plan

Answer 10

The majority of Congress disagreed with Johnson’s view of Reconstruction.

Question 11

What did the Radical Republicans belive in

Answer 11

, the Radical Republicans believed in political equality for all citizens, including African Americans.

Question 12

What was the Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 12

Their plan for Reconstruction, called the Wade-Davis Bill, required a majority of southern voters to take an oath swearing they had never supported the Confederacy. Those who would or could not take the oath were barred from southern politics. The Wade-Davis bill did not pass.

Question 13

Who did Johnson hold responsible for the problems of the Civil War and how did he punish them?

Answer 13

Johnson held the wealthy southern landowners responsible and made them personally ask for a pardon.

Question 14

How did Congress respond to Johnson’s plans for Reconstruction?

Answer 14

Congress refused to accept the new southern members of Congress. They also passed the First Reconstruction Act which divided the South into military districts.

Question 15

How did Northerns feel about the black codes

Answer 15

The passage of the Black Codes angered many Northerners who were concerned that white Southerners were trying to bring back the old South.

Question 16

The haterd and angre towards the black codes led to what

Answer 16

This wave of anger led to the Radical Republicans gaining control of the House of Representatives in 1866.

Question 17

What did Radical Republicans want (metion democratization)

Answer 17

Congress began fighting against President Johnson’s Reconstruction agenda. They wanted to give more people a voice in southern politics and provide political rights for all citizens—a process known as democratization.

Question 18

What was the Congress first step

Answer 18

the civil rights act

Question 19

What did the Civil rights Act do

Answer 19

Congress’s first step was passing the Civil Rights Act, which granted citizenship to everyone born in the United States, except Native Americans. The bill also promised equal rights to all citizens regardless of race.

Question 20

How did Johnson react to the Civil Rights Act

Answer 20

Johnson vetoed the bill. Congress was still able to pass the bill because they had enough votes to override the presidential veto.

Question 21

Did the Civil Rights Acts stop black codes?

Answer 21

Despite the new law, the Black Codes still discriminated against African Americans

Question 22

In response to the continuation of the Black codes what did Congress propose

Answer 22

Fourteenth Amendment,

Question 23

What was the 14th amendement

Answer 23

the Fourteenth Amendment, which would make all people born in the United States citizens and provide equal protection of the laws. It also said any state that tried to limit voting rights of male residents would have its representation in Congress reduced. The amendment would make Black Codes illegal and give the federal government the right to intervene in state affairs to protect the rights of citizen

Question 24

The passage of the Fourteenth Amendment brought immediate and sweeping changes to the Constitution. Provide spefic examples

Answer 24

. It simultaneously overturned the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision and invalidated the Three-Fifths Compromise.

Question 25

What led to increased Republican control in Congress?

Answer 25

Northern voters were upset that the South seemed to be trying to change back to how it was before the war. Their anger led them to vote for Republicans.

Question 26

Compare the Civil Rights Act and the Fourteenth Amendment. How were they alike? How did they differ?

Answer 26

Both granted citizenship to people born in the United States and offered equal protection of rights under the law. However, the Fourteenth Amendment enshrined these protections in the Constitution.

Question 27

What did Congress do to gain support for the 14th amendement

Answer 27

In an attempt to gain support for the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress promised any state that ratified it would automatically be readmitted to the Union.

Question 28

How did Johnson react to the 141th amedement what are the swing around the cucle speeches

Answer 28

Johnson refused to support the amendment and encouraged others to reject it in what became known as his swing around the circle speeches. He felt ending slavery went far enough and giving African Americans political rights went too far.

Question 29

Who agreed with Johnsons view on the 14th amdement

Answer 29

Most southern states agreed with Johnson and only Tennessee supported the amendment.

Question 30

How did Congress respond to the rejection of the 14th amdement

Answer 30

Congress was outraged by the rejection and passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 in response.These acts began the period known as Radical Reconstruction.

Question 31

What was the Reconstruction Acts of 1867?

Answer 31

. The South was divided into five military districts. Each district was placed under martial law administered by a Union military commander and 20,000 troops. Their job was to run a temporary state government that protected the rights of African Americans.

Question 32

What did the Reconstruction Acts state for southerne states had to rejoin the Union

Answer 32

The Reconstruction Acts also stated that for a southern state to rejoin the Union, it would have to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and draft a new state constitution that gave the right to vote to all men over age 21, including African Americans. The laws also suspended the voting rights of members of the former ruling class.

Question 33

Why was Johnson against the Fourteenth Amendment?

Answer 33

He thought the amendment went too far because he was against giving political rights to freed persons.

Question 34

According to the Reconstruction Acts, what did southern states have to do in order to rejoin the Union?

Answer 34

They had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and draft new state constitutions that gave all men over the age of 21 the right to vote.

Question 35

What was the realtionship between congress and Johnson

Answer 35

Congress passed laws that Johnson would veto, and correspondingly, Congress would override each veto. Johnson was convinced he had public opinion on his side, so he began encouraging people to oppose Reconstruction.

Question 36

What did Johnson do to some of Lincolns millitary commandeers

Answer 36

He replaced some of Lincoln’s military commanders with those who were less friendly to the rights of African Americans. This often meant Confederates would take control of local governments and restrict African American rights.

Question 37

Congress tried to limit Johnson’s power as president and prevent him from interfering in Reconstruction. What was The Tenure of Office Act

Answer 37

The Tenure of Office Act prohibited Johnson from appointing or removing officials without Congressional approval. .

Question 38

When Johnson fired Secretary of War Stanton in 1868, Congress saw it as an opportunity to get rid of him for good. What did they do

Answer 38

. The House quickly voted for impeachment, which formally accused him of improper conduct while in office.

Question 39

What was the House’s argument

Answer 39

During the impeachment hearings, the House served as prosecution, making the case against the president. They argued that he overstepped his powers as president.

Question 40

What was the result of the impeachemnt thing

Answer 40

After the House formally voted for Johnson’s impeachment, the investigation moved to the Senate to determine whether the charges against Johnson warranted his removal. After several weeks of testimony, the Senate acquitted Johnson by the slimmest of margins. He was able to keep his job due to just one vote.

Question 41

What led to Johnson’s impeachment?

Answer 41

Congress was upset that Johnson continued to interfere in their Reconstruction plans. They tried to limit his power by passing laws such as the Tenure of Office Act. When Johnson fired Secretary Stanton, the House felt he overstepped his powers.

Question 42

‘Why didnt Johnson run again the the 1868 election

Answer 42

After the impeachment hearing, Johnson lost a lot of his political support. He did not run in the 1868 election.

Question 43

Who became president in 1868

Answer 43

War hero Ulysses S. Grant became president in 1868, in a landslide victory.

Question 44

Was Grant complying witht he Radical Reconstructuion phase

Answer 44

Although he was a moderate Republican, his victory allowed the Radical Reconstruction phase to continue.

Question 45

What racial group as Grants biggest support

Answer 45

Much of Grant’s success came from the 500,000 African Americans who voted for him.

Question 46

Why was the 14th amdement made

Answer 46

Congress worried southern states might try to keep African Americans from voting in the future. To prevent this, they introduced another Constitutional amendment.

Question 47

What was the fifteenth Amendement

Answer 47

The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to prevent states from stopping someone from voting based on race.

Question 48

DEscirbe the vaugness of the 15th amdenment

Answer 48

In an effort to get as many votes as possible, the amendment did not address policies such as literacy tests and poll taxes. These were the most common ways African Americans were prevented from voting.

Question 49

How did radical Republicans feel about the vaugeneess of the amdement

Answer 49

This vague language angered many Radical Republicans, including Charles Sumner, who refused to vote for an amendment with such obvious loopholes. Despite protests, the amendment was ratified in 1870.

Question 50

What did Ku Klux Klan do

Answer 50

Even with the efforts of the Radical Republicans, white supremacist groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, continued to threaten African American rights. These groups worked to keep freed people from voting and gaining more equality with whites by destroying homes, schools, and churches.

Question 51

How did Congress fight against laws designed to maintain white supremacy, such as the Black Codes?

Answer 51

Congress drafted the Fourteenth Amendment which granted citizenship and equal protection for everyone.

Question 52

Since the Reconstruction Acts already gave African American men the right to vote, why was the Fifteenth Amendment necessary?

Answer 52

: The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to give African American men the right to vote by making it illegal to keep people from voting based on race.

Question 53

How did women react to the 15th anmdenement

Answer 53

. Many white women were angry that former slaves could vote before they could. Many African American women were more understanding about being excluded because they felt it was important for African Americans to gain voting rights, even if it meant only men at first. Others felt differently. Sojourner Truth, a former slave and abolitionist, was furious about the exclusion.