Unit 3 Grammar Review

Question 1

Verbals are formed from ___ that are used as other parts of speech.

Answer 1

verbs

Question 2

A participle is a/an ___.

Answer 2

verbal adjective

Question 3

How may participles are there in Latin? ___ Name them.

Answer 3

3; perfect passive, future active, and present active

Question 4

The future active participle is formed by dropping ___ from the perfect passive participle and adding ___.

Answer 4

-us; -urus

Question 5

The future active participle is a ___ declension adjective.

Answer 5

1st/2nd

Question 6

The present active participle is formed by adding the following endings to the ___ stem: ___ in the 1st/2nd conjugations; ___ in the 3rd, 3rd io, and 4th conjugations.

Answer 6

present; -ns; -ens

Question 7

The present participle is a ___ declension adjective of ___ termination.

Answer 7

3rd; one

Question 8

What case and number of the present participle does not have the usual case ending? What is the usual ending? What ending does the present participle have?

Answer 8

ablative singular; -i; -e

Question 9

As an adjective, a participle agrees with its noun or pronoun in ___.

Answer 9

gender, number, and case

Question 10

As a verb, a participle has ___ and ___.

Answer 10

tense; voice

Question 11

An infinitive is a ___.

Answer 11

verbal noun

Question 12

As a noun, an infinitive is ___ in gender, ___ in number, and ___

Answer 12

neuter; singular; indeclinable

Question 13

As verbs, infinitives have ___ and ___.

Answer 13

tense; voice

Question 14

A/an ___ statement is a statement reported by someone else.

Answer 14

indirect

Question 15

Indirect statements are ___ clauses, and are introduced by a verb of ___.

Answer 15

subordinate; speaking, thinking, or perceiving

Question 16

Indirect statements are often introduced by the word ___, but not always.

Answer 16

that

Question 17

An indirect statement in Latin is indicated by the ___ construction, which 1) changes the verb to a/an ___, and 2) puts the subject in the ___ case

Answer 17

accusative with infinitive; infinitive; accusative

Question 18

How many infinitives are there in Latin? How many are active? How many are passive?

Answer 18

6; 3; 3

Question 19

Like participles, infinitives have tense and voice, and only exist in three tenses: ___.

Answer 19

persent, perfect, and future

Question 20

The perfect active infinitive is formed by adding ___ to the ___ stem. The future active infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___. The perfect passive infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___.

Answer 20

-isse; perfect; future active participle; esse; perfect passive participle; esse

Question 21

Indirect statements use the ___ in the subordinate clause.

Answer 21

infinitive

Question 22

The verbs in a sentence with an indirect statement must correspond. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place at the same time as the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place before the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place after the main verb.

Answer 22

present; perfect; future

Question 23

As with indirect questions, the translation of the subordinate clause verb (i.e., the indirect statement verb) will depend on whether the main verb is a ___ or ___ tense.

Answer 23

primary; secondary

Question 24

___ verbs do not have a personal subject.

Answer 24

Impersonal

Question 25

In the sentence “It rains,” the word it is a/an ___ subject without reference to a real person or thing.

Answer 25

grammatical

Question 26

When used in an indirect statement, an impersonal verb is changed to a/an infinitive and the subject, which had been indicated by the personal ending, is ___.

Answer 26

infinitive; omitted

Question 27

A gerund is a/an ___.

Answer 27

verbal noun

Question 28

To form the gerund, add ___ to the present stem of 1st/2nd conjugation verbs, or ___ to the present stem of 3rd/3rd io/4th conjugation verbs.

Answer 28

-ndi; -endi

Question 29

What case is the gerund missing? What gender and number is the gerund?

Answer 29

nominative; neuter, singular

Question 30

The declension of the gerund is identical to the ___ declension.

Answer 30

2nd

Question 31

What other verbal noun have you learned? (besides the gerund)

Answer 31

infinitive

Question 32

The infinitive is used in the ___ and ___ cases. The gerund is used in the ___, ___, and ___ cases.

Answer 32

nominative; accusative; genitive; dative; ablative

Question 33

Is the gerund an adjective? In the sentence “I see the boy throwing a javelin,” what part of speech would you use to say throwing?

Answer 33

No; a present active participle

Question 34

The gerundive is a particple, a/an ___.

Answer 34

verbal adjective

Question 35

Specifically, it (the gerundive) is the ___ and is declined like a regular ___ declension adjective.

Answer 35

future passive participle; 1st/2nd

Question 36

To form the gerundive, add ___ to the present stem of 1st/2nd conjugation verbs, or ___ to the present stem of 3rd/3rd io/4th conjugation verbs.

Answer 36

-ndus; -endus

Question 37

The ablative can only be used instead of quam when the word being compared is in the __ or ___ case, and when the ablative would not be ___.

Answer 37

nominative; accusative; ambiguous

Question 38

Instead of quam, the ___ without a preposition may be used to express a comparison.

Answer 38

ablative

Question 39

In the gerundive of obligation, the person who performs the action of the verb is expressed by the ___ case. This construction is called the ___.

Answer 39

dative; dative of agent

Question 40

An active English sentence that shows obligation must be rewritten in the ___ before translating.

Answer 40

passive

Question 41

In the gerundive of obligation, the gerundive will agree with the subject in ___.

Answer 41

gender, number, and case

Question 42

The Romans showed obligation by using a ___ verb consisting of the ___ and a form of ___. This construction is called the ___.

Answer 42

compound; gerundive; sum; gerundive of obligation

Question 43

What word shows obligation in English?

Answer 43

must

Question 44

What is the basic translation of the gerundive, using amo as an example?

Answer 44

to be loved