Unit 3 Grammar Review Flashcards
Verbals are formed from ___ that are used as other parts of speech.
verbs
A participle is a/an ___.
verbal adjective
How may participles are there in Latin? ___ Name them.
3; perfect passive, future active, and present active
The future active participle is formed by dropping ___ from the perfect passive participle and adding ___.
-us; -urus
The future active participle is a ___ declension adjective.
1st/2nd
The present active participle is formed by adding the following endings to the ___ stem: ___ in the 1st/2nd conjugations; ___ in the 3rd, 3rd io, and 4th conjugations.
present; -ns; -ens
The present participle is a ___ declension adjective of ___ termination.
3rd; one
What case and number of the present participle does not have the usual case ending? What is the usual ending? What ending does the present participle have?
ablative singular; -i; -e
As an adjective, a participle agrees with its noun or pronoun in ___.
gender, number, and case
As a verb, a participle has ___ and ___.
tense; voice
An infinitive is a ___.
verbal noun
As a noun, an infinitive is ___ in gender, ___ in number, and ___
neuter; singular; indeclinable
As verbs, infinitives have ___ and ___.
tense; voice
A/an ___ statement is a statement reported by someone else.
indirect
Indirect statements are ___ clauses, and are introduced by a verb of ___.
subordinate; speaking, thinking, or perceiving
Indirect statements are often introduced by the word ___, but not always.
that
An indirect statement in Latin is indicated by the ___ construction, which 1) changes the verb to a/an ___, and 2) puts the subject in the ___ case
accusative with infinitive; infinitive; accusative
How many infinitives are there in Latin? How many are active? How many are passive?
6; 3; 3
Like participles, infinitives have tense and voice, and only exist in three tenses: ___.
persent, perfect, and future
The perfect active infinitive is formed by adding ___ to the ___ stem. The future active infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___. The perfect passive infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___.
-isse; perfect; future active participle; esse; perfect passive participle; esse
Indirect statements use the ___ in the subordinate clause.
infinitive
The verbs in a sentence with an indirect statement must correspond. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place at the same time as the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place before the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place after the main verb.
present; perfect; future
As with indirect questions, the translation of the subordinate clause verb (i.e., the indirect statement verb) will depend on whether the main verb is a ___ or ___ tense.
primary; secondary
___ verbs do not have a personal subject.
Impersonal
In the sentence “It rains,” the word it is a/an ___ subject without reference to a real person or thing.
grammatical
When used in an indirect statement, an impersonal verb is changed to a/an infinitive and the subject, which had been indicated by the personal ending, is ___.
infinitive; omitted
A gerund is a/an ___.
verbal noun
To form the gerund, add ___ to the present stem of 1st/2nd conjugation verbs, or ___ to the present stem of 3rd/3rd io/4th conjugation verbs.
-ndi; -endi
What case is the gerund missing? What gender and number is the gerund?
nominative; neuter, singular
The declension of the gerund is identical to the ___ declension.
2nd
What other verbal noun have you learned? (besides the gerund)
infinitive
The infinitive is used in the ___ and ___ cases. The gerund is used in the ___, ___, and ___ cases.
nominative; accusative; genitive; dative; ablative
Is the gerund an adjective? In the sentence “I see the boy throwing a javelin,” what part of speech would you use to say throwing?
No; a present active participle
The gerundive is a particple, a/an ___.
verbal adjective
Specifically, it (the gerundive) is the ___ and is declined like a regular ___ declension adjective.
future passive participle; 1st/2nd
To form the gerundive, add ___ to the present stem of 1st/2nd conjugation verbs, or ___ to the present stem of 3rd/3rd io/4th conjugation verbs.
-ndus; -endus
The ablative can only be used instead of quam when the word being compared is in the __ or ___ case, and when the ablative would not be ___.
nominative; accusative; ambiguous
Instead of quam, the ___ without a preposition may be used to express a comparison.
ablative
In the gerundive of obligation, the person who performs the action of the verb is expressed by the ___ case. This construction is called the ___.
dative; dative of agent
An active English sentence that shows obligation must be rewritten in the ___ before translating.
passive
In the gerundive of obligation, the gerundive will agree with the subject in ___.
gender, number, and case
The Romans showed obligation by using a ___ verb consisting of the ___ and a form of ___. This construction is called the ___.
compound; gerundive; sum; gerundive of obligation
What word shows obligation in English?
must
What is the basic translation of the gerundive, using amo as an example?
to be loved
