Lesson 21 Grammar Review Flashcards
The perfect active infinitive is formed by adding ___ to the ___ stem. The future active infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___. The perfect passive infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___.
-isse; perfect; future active participle; esse; perfect passive participle; esse
In indirect questions, the subjunctive is translated using ___ meanings.
subjunctive
A ___ pronoun begins a subordinate adjective clause and refers to a stated or understood antecedent. These clauses are called ___ clauses.
relative; relative
When the ablative is used to show FROM WHAT THING someone or something has been separated, the ablative either ___ a preposition or ___ one of the above prepositions is used
without; with
What case is the gerund missing? What gender and number is the gerund?
nominative; neuter, singular
What Latin question word expects the response “yes”? ___ “no”? ___
nonne; num
If a sentence has an independent and a subordinate clause, the verbs in the two clauses must coordinate with respect to ___.
time
Like participles, infinitives have tense and voice, and only exist in three tenses: ___.
persent, perfect, and future
What is the basic translation of the gerundive, using amo as an example?
to be loved
An indirect statement in Latin is indicated by the ___ construction, which 1) changes the verb to a/an ___, and 2) puts the subject in the ___ case
accusative with infinitive; infinitive; accusative
The Latin relative pronoun is ___.
qui quae quod
When the action of the verb is performed by a NON-LIVING THING, the construction is called ___ and the preposition is ___.
ablative of means; omitted
The genitive of qui quae quod is used to show ___ but functions as a ___.
posession; pronoun
The ___ and ___ tenses are called primary tenses. The Latin primary tenses are ___.
present; future; present, future, future perfect
In the gerundive of obligation, the gerundive will agree with the subject in ___.
gender, number, and case
When the action of the passive verb is performed by a LIVING AGENT, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposition ___.
the ablative of agent; a/ab
Indirect statements are often introduced by the word ___, but not always.
that
The Latin interrogative pronoun is ___.
quis quid
The relative pronoun follows the ___ Agreement Rule.
Pronoun
As a verb, a participle has ___ and ___.
tense; voice
The present active participle is formed by adding the following endings to the ___ stem: ___ in the 1st/2nd conjugations; ___ in the 3rd, 3rd io, and 4th conjugations.
present; -ns; -ens
One way to group the indicative tenses is by the stem. Another is by ___.
time
The tenses of the perfect passive system are ___ verbs.
compound
The ablative can only be used instead of quam when the word being compared is in the __ or ___ case, and when the ablative would not be ___.
nominative; accusative; ambiguous
Some verbs may take two accusatives instead of one. One example is verbs that call someone something, where the something is called a ___ and the construction is called the ___.
predicate accusative; double accusative
A participle is a/an ___.
verbal adjective
Give an example of the ablative of agent.
Galli a Caésare superantur. The Gauls are overcome by Caesar.
What two words are not cities or small islands, but have a locative? What are their locatives?
domus, rus; domi ruri
The present participle is a ___ declension adjective of ___ termination.
3rd; one
When sum is used to mean there is or there are, sum will be in the ___ person, and is usually the ___ word in the sentence or ___ the subject.
third; first; before
To form the gerundive, add ___ to the present stem of 1st/2nd conjugation verbs, or ___ to the present stem of 3rd/3rd io/4th conjugation verbs.
-ndus; -endus
As with indirect questions, the translation of the subordinate clause verb (i.e., the indirect statement verb) will depend on whether the main verb is a ___ or ___ tense.
primary; secondary
When the ablative is used to show FROM WHAT PERSON someone or something has been separated, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposiiton ___.
ablative of separation; a(ab), de, or e (ex)
The conjugation of possum is easy to remember: if a form of sum begins with s, prefix ___; if a form of sum begins with e, prefix ___.
pos-; pot-
When a relative pronoun is used to introduce a purpose clause, the relative pronoun still follows the ___.
Pronoun Agreement Rule
An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun that ___. As a pronoun, it follows the ___ Agreement Rule.
ask a question; Pronoun
The ___ tenses are called secondary tenses. The Latin secondary tenses are ___.
past; imperfect, perfect, pluperfect
In the sentence “It rains,” the word it is a/an ___ subject without reference to a real person or thing.
grammatical
What case and number of the present participle does not have the usual case ending? What is the usual ending? What ending does the present participle have?
ablative singular; -i; -e
When we report a question instead of asking it directly, we are asking an ___ question. This type of question is a ___ clause.
indirect; subordinate
To form the gerund, add ___ to the present stem of 1st/2nd conjugation verbs, or ___ to the present stem of 3rd/3rd io/4th conjugation verbs.
-ndi; -endi
The rule for this coordination is called the ___.
Sequence of Tenses
The declension of the interrogative adjective is identical to that of the ___ except in the nominative masculine singular, where ___ is used to say what or which and ___ is used to say what sort of or what kind of.
relative pronoun; quis; qui
īdem is simply the demonstrative pronoun ___ with the suffix ___ added to the end of each form.
is ea id; -dem
An infinitive is a ___.
verbal noun
What word shows obligation in English?
must
A gerund is a/an ___.
verbal noun
There are two types of clauses. An ___ clause can stand alone as a complete thought. A ___ clause cannot stand alone as a complete thought.
independent; subordinate
Specifically, it (the gerundive) is the ___ and is declined like a regular ___ declension adjective.
future passive participle; 1st/2nd
A participle is a ___.
verbal adjective
How may participles are there in Latin? ___ Name them.
3; perfect passive, future active, and present active
Forms of is ending in -m change the final -m to a/an ___. Give an example.
-n; eundem, eandem, eorundem, earundem
___ verbs do not have a personal subject.
Impersonal
Is the gerund an adjective? In the sentence “I see the boy throwing a javelin,” what part of speech would you use to say throwing?
No; a present active participle
Give two examples of Latin nouns with plural forms that have singular meanings in English. Write the Latin and English.
insidiae (plot, ambush), castra (camp), impedimenta (baggage, baggage train), angústiae (when it means “narrow place”)
The Latin interrogative adjective is ___.
qui quae quod
The place or location of something is in the ___ case.
locative
The interrogative adjective is an adjective that ___. As an adjective, it follows the ___ Agreement Rule.
asks a question; Adjective
The 4th principal part is a ___.
participle
The gerundive is a particple, a/an ___.
verbal adjective
Purpose clasues may be introduced by ut/ne or by a/an ____.
relative pronoun
Give an example of an ablative of means.
Galli gládio superantur. The Gauls are overcome by the sword.
The Latin word for when is ___. Clauses beginning with when are called ___ in Latin.
cum; cum-clauses
Give two examples of Latin nouns that have only plural forms and meanings. Write the Latin and English.
liberi (children), arma (arms, weapons), hiberna (winter quarters), angustiae (when it means “difficulties”)
What does whither mean? Whence?
to what place; from what place
The infinitive is used in the ___ and ___ cases. The gerund is used in the ___, ___, and ___ cases.
nominative; accusative; genitive; dative; ablative
Depending on where a relative clause is placed, a sentence may have two ___ in a row. the ___ verb after the relative pronoun usually goes with the relative pronoun.
verbs; first
Instead of quam, the ___ without a preposition may be used to express a comparison.
ablative
Some nouns have plural forms only, but may have a singular or plural ___. A noun and its verb must agree in person and ___.
meaning; number
As a noun, an infinitive is ___ in gender, ___ in number, and ___
neuter; singular; indeclinable
In the gerundive of obligation, the person who performs the action of the verb is expressed by the ___ case. This construction is called the ___.
dative; dative of agent
What other verbal noun have you learned? (besides the gerund)
infinitive
The word ___ indicates a direct quotation. This word is always placed ___ the quotation and never ___ it.
inquit; inside; before
Indirect statements are ___ clauses, and are introduced by a verb of ___.
subordinate; speaking, thinking, or perceiving
When used in an indirect statement, an impersonal verb is changed to a/an infinitive and the subject, which had been indicated by the personal ending, is ___.
infinitive; omitted
To form the passive forms of the present system, substitute ___ personal endings for ___ personal endings.
passive; active
As an adjective, a participle agrees with its noun or pronoun in ___.
gender, number, and case
The verbs in a sentence with an indirect statement must correspond. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place at the same time as the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place before the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place after the main verb.
present; perfect; future
A relative clause of purpose cannot be used if the relative pronoun would agree with the ___ of an ___ verb.
subject; active
The verb ___ can be used to mean ___ or ___ in the sense of existence
sum; there is; there are
A/an ___ statement is a statement reported by someone else.
indirect
Indirect statements use the ___ in the subordinate clause.
infinitive
An active English sentence that shows obligation must be rewritten in the ___ before translating.
passive
The declension of the gerund is identical to the ___ declension.
2nd
How many infinitives are there in Latin? How many are active? How many are passive?
6; 3; 3
What is the one irregularity in the present passive system of each conjugation?
1st conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense beris
2nd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense beris
3rd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense eris
3rd io conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense eris
4th conjugation - NONE
If a purpose clause is negative, ___ must be used.
ne
Give the Locative Rule.
For cities and small islands, the locative is identical to the ablative except in the 1st and 2nd declension singular, where it is identical to the gentiive. It is translated by in or at.
The Romans showed obligation by using a ___ verb consisting of the ___ and a form of ___. This construction is called the ___.
compound; gerundive; sum; gerundive of obligation
Verbals are formed from ___ that are used as other parts of speech.
verbs
The future active participle is a ___ declension adjective.
1st/2nd
As verbs, infinitives have ___ and ___.
tense; voice
The future active participle is formed by dropping ___ from the perfect passive participle and adding ___.
-us; -urus
What are the three Latin and English words for where?
ubi (where?), quo (whither), unde (whence)
